“…Higher education institutions (HEIs) in the world have responded to the call by implementing GCE (Brewer & Cunningham, 2010;Hansen, 2008;Jorgenson & Shultz, 2012;Lewin, 2009;Mayo, 2005;Nussbaum, 1997;Reimers, 2006;Saito, 2010;Wang et al, 2018;White & Openshaw, 2005). GCE is expected to cultivate intercultural competence, which is a set of skills that allow the possessor thereof to perceive the distinctly human connections that underly all human beings and collaborate regardless of differences in background, in a manner that retains respectful awareness of the local and global social needs and takes responsibility for what is socially just (Brewer & Cunningham, 2010;Hacker & Umpstead, 2020;Horn & Fry, 2013;Maharaja, 2018;Terzuolo, 2018;Twombly et al, 2012). Despite some political, economic, and safety-related challenges, studying abroad or international education programs have continued to be a common strategy to foster GCE among many HEIs (Brewer & Cunningham, 2010;Hacker & Umpstead, 2020;Horn & Fry, 2013;Maharaja, 2018;Terzuolo, 2018;Twombly et al, 2012).…”