Study of an alkaline bath for tin deposition in the presence of sorbitol and physical and morphological characterization of tin film

Abstract

Effects of sorbitol concentration on the deposition of tin on to platinum were studied by cyclic voltammetry. It was observed that sorbitol affected the tin-plating rate and also the thermodynamics of the deposition process. Rotating disk electrode studies showed that the deposition rate is controlled by mass transport and that the diffusion coefficient of the Sn(II) complex decreases with increasing sorbitol concentration. The presence of sorbitol in the plating bath was beneficial since a plating current efficiency of $70% was obtained, while in its absence it was $19%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that sorbitol works as a brightener since tin crystallites were much smaller than those obtained from alkaline solution in the absence of sorbitol. Also, at 1.0 M, sorbitol produced a very smooth film. X-ray spectra showed that b-Sn was deposited.

Voltammetric and morphological characterization of zinc electrodeposition from acid electrolytes containing boric–polyalcohol complexes

“…10b), showed the formation of some dendritic crystallites. It is reported in the literature that the HER in parallel with metal deposition acts as a leveller [27]. It can thus be inferred that the Zn film obtained from the bath at pH = 2.50 (Fig.…”

New routes to sustainable photovoltaics: evaluation of Cu2ZnSnS4 as an alternative absorber material

“…Bright and strongly adherent copper layers were deposited from an alkaline solution containing 1.5 M NaOH, 50 mM CuCl 2 and 0.1 M sorbitol [11] at -1.14 V vs. Ag | AgCl. Tin layers were then deposited on the copper film at -1.21 V vs. Ag | AgCl using an alkaline solution, which contained 2.25 M NaOH, 55 mM SnCl 2 and 0.1 M sorbitol [13]. The final zinc layer was deposited at -1.20 V vs. Ag | AgCl from 0.15 M ZnCl 2 buffered to pH 3 using Hydrion buffer.…”

Study of the influence of the polyalcohol mannitol on zinc electrodeposition from an alkaline bath

“…We have been studying the electrodeposition of zinc onto AISI 1010 steel from alkaline solutions containing various polyalcohol additives, since we noted that the presence of sorbitol or glycerol in an alkaline deposition bath has a beneficial effect on the quality of Zn [10,11], Pb [12], Sn [13], and Cu [14,15] electrodeposits. In these experiments, it has been established that the presence of sorbitol in the bath leads to the formation of light-gray zinc films, even during the evolution of hydrogen, without cracks or dendrites [11]; reduces the propagation of dendritic growth of lead, refining the lead deposit and allowing the new electrolytic solution to be used to recycle lead scrap [12]; works as a brightener, since tin crystallites were much smaller than those obtained from an alkaline solution without sorbitol [13], and leads to smaller-copper crystallites and a smoother copper film, with a golden color [14,15].…”