Study of an Electro-Optic Technique of Level Transmitter Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Float as Primary Sensing Elements

Kumar, Brajesh; Mandal, Nirupama

doi:10.1109/jsen.2016.2544960

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Upgrades on this technology for the past years resulted in contact or submersible and non-contact type sensor classifications. Floating sensors [17][18], pressure-based sensors [19][20][21], ultrasonic level sensors [22] and capacitive sensors [23][24][25][26][27][28] were among the known technology of these types. Another common water level sensor is the switch-type sensor using the concept of electrical conductivity of water.…”

Section: The Contact-type Water Level Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Configuration Design of Two-Wire Tip Mechanisms for a Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge

Tabada

Loretero

2020

Int. j. eng. technol. innov.

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This paper evaluates the measurement accuracy of the three designs of an innovative Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge (TBRG) tip mechanism. A water-level detecting circuit is used to replace the conventional reed switch sensor, which addresses the disadvantages of the magnetic sensing method that became a factor in quantification uncertainties. The TBRG configuration designs were the bucket-feed, which detects the presence of water inside the bucket, and the bottom-feed and the center-feed, which use the tip-impact method in measuring rainfall. The constant flow method is used in the experimentation. The bucket-feed shows potential in precision rainfall measurement for having -3.84% and -2.68% accuracy errors at 6 mL/min and 11 mL/min respectively, without correction algorithm applied. The tip-impact application for the bottom-feed and the center-feed resulted in a higher error percentage from the volumetric flow samples. The result indicates that actual detection in the bucket brings more measurement accuracy than the tip-counting technique.

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Section: The Contact-type Water Level Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Configuration Design of Two-Wire Tip Mechanisms for a Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge

Tabada

Loretero

2020

Int. j. eng. technol. innov.

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“…There are two types of liquid-level measurement technologies, which are invasive and non-invasive [ 3 ]. The invasive types include capacitive [ 4 ], resistive [ 5 ], float-type [ 6 ], magnetostriction type [ 7 ], optical fiber liquid-level meter [ 8 ], and many more. As the fuel tank is a closed container, its internal environment is high pressure, low temperature, etc., and its internal liquid fuel is inflammable and explosive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Ultrasonic Near-Field Region in Ultrasonic Liquid-Level Monitoring System

Gao

Liu

et al. 2020

Micromachines

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In the method of monitoring the liquid level based on ultrasonic impedance, the near-field effect can seriously affect the validity of the results. In this paper, we explore the factors affecting the length of the ultrasonic near field. Based on that, we propose the optimal length and the minimum length of the buffer block to avoid the near field. The evaluations show that when the parameters of the ultrasonic probe are 15 mm in diameter, 1 MHz in frequency, and ±15 V in emitted ultrasonic wave amplitude, the best results are obtained when the length of the buffer block is 22 mm. When the probe diameter is 10 mm, the buffer block length should be ≥5 mm to ensure the validity of the measured results. The evaluation precision is 1 mm. This research can effectively avoid the blind area of emitted waves when using ultrasonic to measure the liquid level. It provides an effective basis for the selection and design of ultrasonic probes.

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“…Continuous-level transducers monitor the liquid level in an unceasing fashion as long as the liquid surface will be within its sensing range. Some known technologies used for continuous monitoring were: floating sensors [5,9]; pressure-based sensors [8,10,21]; ultrasonic-level sensors [17]; and capacitive sensors [4,6,[11][12][13]22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the performance of a multi-wire water level detection system using contact sensing for river water monitoring

Tabada

Loretero

Lasta³

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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The complexity of the method used in remote sensing for flood monitoring is associated with the necessity of requiring expert services and costly unique facilities. Satellite-based imagery methods still need ground verifications for data comparison which would simply imply that in situ approaches were still reliable. This study investigates the operability of a designed contact-type sensing system using conductor wires intended for water level monitoring in rivers. Although the presented system has been a common concept, factual conclusions of its outdoor operability were unheard and undocumented on fluvial experimentations as most commercially available contact-type water level devices were intended for water tank monitoring only. The sensing accuracy and monitoring reliability have been proven in this study through outdoor experimentations. The detection time, the reading ability and the physical condition of the sensing device were tested under harsh outdoor environment. The increase in water level at a faster rate can be easily detected by the system only at microseconds (µs) range. Likewise, the efficacy of the system to detect the increase and decrease in the water level was proven to work out as actual flood simulation was conducted. The reading stability was also tested by measuring the output voltage of the circuit. It resulted in only 0.22 to 0.31 DC voltage drops recorded between similar level probes (e.g., from Day 1 to Day 30 of all Level 1s) on the sampled 5 wire probes which is just an insignificant loss factor to the operation of the device. In general, the device worked well in accordance with its functionality. The physical condition of the designed system was proven to be reliable as it continuously transmits data up to present.

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Study of an Electro-Optic Technique of Level Transmitter Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Float as Primary Sensing Elements

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Innovative Configuration Design of Two-Wire Tip Mechanisms for a Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge

Innovative Configuration Design of Two-Wire Tip Mechanisms for a Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge

Study of Ultrasonic Near-Field Region in Ultrasonic Liquid-Level Monitoring System

Investigation on the performance of a multi-wire water level detection system using contact sensing for river water monitoring

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