Study of Architectonics of Mouth Cavity in Dental Patients

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The issue of restoration of the architectonics of the palatine arch remains relevant both due to the widespread use of removable dentures of different design in everyday practice of dentists of private and governmental medical and prophylactic institutions of dental profile, and due to the development of modern techniques and approaches to the total rehabilitation of patients through use of non-replaceable structures with support on dental implants. All these interventions are associated with derangement of the anatomical structure of the front third of the palatine arch either in result of spanning of it with structural elements of dentures, or in result of reduction of bone tissue to achieve the required width for installation of dental implants. AIM: To study architectonics of the hard palate, alveolar process of the upper jaw and the volume of the moth cavity in patients with intact (sanitated) dentitions and with pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved patients with intact dentitions and with dental pathologies. In the course of the work, morphometric parameters were studied, namely silicon keys taken from the models of the patients. Separation was performed perpendicular to the palatine seam along the teeth, and the degree of tilt was determined on millimeter paper. There were also studied lateral teleroentgenograms of patients obtained in the course of treatment. The volume of the oral cavity was evaluated by measuring the mean value of two height dimensions, two width dimensions, and the distance from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the chin by the method described in RU 2448646 C2 patent of 27/04/2012. RESULTS: The obtained results of morphometric studies in patients with healthy dentitions show variations in the mean angle of tilt of the hard palate in various sections 69 ± 1.2 degrees in male patients, 76 ± 2.4 in female patients, and the maximum angle of tilt of the hard palate in various sections 74 ± 5.2 degrees in male patients, 83 ± 4.4 in female patients. During the analysis of models in patients with secondary adentia, the data were obtained that permit to get an idea about the influence of atrophic processes of the bone-periodontal complex on changes in the architectonics of the oral cavity in general and in the morphometric parameters of the upper jaw in particular. The study of the data obtained in radiation diagnostics evidences the influence of atrophic processes on the parameters of the volume of the oral cavity of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results show the influence of atrophic processes on the parameters of the volume of the oral cavity of patients; thus, with increase in the number of missing teeth and increase in the volume of bone tissue lost in atrophic processes, and with its densification, the volume of the mouth cavity of the patient increases. All this produces a negative influence of the thickness of orthopedic structures, increases the period of adaptation of a patients to manufactured dentures; however, the loads exerted on the denture in chewing, can lead to a fracture of denture of sufficient thickness if it has construction errors.