Study of binding media in works of art by gas chromatographic analysis of amino acids and fatty acids derivatized with ethyl chloroformate

Identification of organic materials in icons of the Cretan School of iconography

“…Step two of this procedure allows for the sample preparation for GCeMS analysis of proteinaceous materials according to Mateo Castro et al (1997), but with slight modifications. The reaction mixture from the first step of analysis (for oils, resins and waxes), containing both the derivatized oils, resins and waxes, as well as the solid residue (which normally is hardly visible due to the small sample size) is carefully evaporated to dryness under a stream of argon at room temperature.…”

THM-GCMS and FTIR for the investigation of paints in Picasso's Still Life, Weeping Woman and Nude Woman in a Red Armchair from the Tate Collection, London

“…Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) has been often applied to the analysis of natural binding media in paintings [7][8][9][10]. Although GCMS is one of the best techniques for the investigation of traditional organic materials, synthetic binders in 20th century painted works of art are more successfully studied by pyrolysis-GCMS (Py-GCMS) as polymeric materials generally show a low volatility.…”

An evaluation of GC‐MS and HPLC‐FD methods for analysis of protein binders in paintings

“…Derivatizations with ethyl chloroformate have been used in analyses of binders, e. g. in refs. [7,8,13,14].…”