Study of crystalline silicon solar cells with integrated bypass diodes

Chen, KaiHan; Chen, DaMing; Zhu, Yudan; Shen, Hui

doi:10.1007/s11431-011-4712-6

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the numerical experiments, the PV array was selected, which consists of n ¼ 10 parallel-connected PV modules. Each PV module is a serial connection of m ¼ 36 PV cells (Chen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Modeling Results Of the Electrical Characteristics Of A Photovoltaic Array With Current Limitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic solar arrays with protection against current overloads based on PolySwitch elements

Тонкошкур

Иванченко

2019

MMMS

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to minimize and prevent current overloads (including the elimination of abnormal and fire hazardous situations) in photovoltaic solar arrays by using low-cost functional electronic elements, in particular, the new PolySwitch PPTC fuses. Design/methodology/approach The modeling method has been used to investigate the circuit solution of the use of PolySwitch type fuses to prevent and minimize current overloads in photovoltaic solar arrays. Findings It is shown that the limitation of the short-circuit current with parallel connection of photovoltaic components (photovoltaic cells or their modules) can be implemented when the following conditions are met: the resistance of the fuse in the conducting state is much lesser than the parallel connection of the series resistances of the photovoltaic components; and the tripping current of the fuse must be greater than the maximum current of the separate photovoltaic components and lesser than the current of a parallel connection of several photovoltaic components. Originality/value The influence of the magnitude of the resistance in the conducting state and the response current of the fuses to the current–voltage and volt–watt characteristics of parallel connections of the photovoltaic components (photovoltaic cells or their modules) is analyzed. The modeling results are confirmed by experimental data on the transformation research of light current–voltage and volt–watt characteristics of parallel connections of industrial photovoltaic modules using resettable fuses of the PolySwitch type.

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Section: Modeling Results Of the Electrical Characteristics Of A Photovoltaic Array With Current Limitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic solar arrays with protection against current overloads based on PolySwitch elements

Тонкошкур

Иванченко

2019

MMMS

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“…In [ 37 , 38 ], another of the solutions proposed to avoid the problem of hot spots is to increase the number of bypass diodes, even up to one for each cell. However, this proposal has not been widely accepted among PVM manufacturers due to the increased cost due to diodes and harmful from the point of view of electrical energy production [ 39 ].…”

Section: Review Of Solar Panels Fault Diagnosis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Panels String Predictive and Parametric Fault Diagnosis Using Low-Cost Sensors

García

Ponluisa

Quiles

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This work proposes a method for real-time supervision and predictive fault diagnosis applicable to solar panel strings in real-world installations. It is focused on the detection and parametric isolation of fault symptoms through the analysis of the Voc-Isc curves. The method performs early, systematic, online, automatic, permanent predictive supervision, and diagnosis of a high sampling frequency. It is based on the supervision of predictive electrical parameters easily accessible by the design of its architecture, whose detection and isolation precedes with an adequate margin of maneuver, to be able to alert and stop by means of automatic disconnection the degradation phenomenon and its cumulative effect causing the development of a future irrecoverable failure. Its architecture design is scalable and integrable in conventional photovoltaic installations. It emphasizes the use of low-cost technology such as the ESP8266 module, ASC712-5A, and FZ0430 sensors and relay modules. The method is based on data acquisition with the ESP8266 module, which is sent over the internet to the computer where a SCADA system (iFIX V6.5) is installed, using the Modbus TCP/IP and OPC communication protocols. Detection thresholds are initially obtained experimentally by applying inductive shading methods on specific solar panels.

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“…Based on this, we can conclude that the modern base of commercial RFu can provide protection against current overloads with parallel connections of photovoltaic modules. In the simplest case, such modules are series connections of several tens of photovoltaic modules for terms [4,123] and, thus, have a sufficiently high effective resistance of such a string. For example, photovoltaic modules developed on the basis of silicon wafers SEF-4.5 have a series resistance (Fig.…”

Section: сOrrelation Between the Resistance In The Conducting State And The Tripping Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Polymer Posistor Nanocomposites in Systems for Protecting Photovoltaic Components of Solar Arrays From Electrical Overloads

Тонкошкур¹,

Иванченко²,

Nakashydze³

et al. 2021

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The experience of operating solar arrays indicates the need to solve the problem of creating effective and reliable switching elements to block defective and damaged photovoltaic cells. Available methods of solving this problem (for example, the use of transistor switches, electronic systems, etc.) either do not completely solve it, or are expensive. The tasks of increasing the reliability and efficiency of switching elements, preventing the destruction of photovoltaic cells which occurs during heating by dark current ("hot spots" and fire hazardous situations) are relevant. Recently, one of the promising solutions of this problem is the use of additional devices for isolating inactive (shaded or defective) areas of both separate photovoltaic cells and their modules. These devices are PPTC (polymeric positive temperature coefficient) resettable fuses of PolySwitch type, which are polymer composites with nanoscale carbon fillers. The basic functional property of PPTC fuse is an abrupt increase in electrical resistance by several orders of magnitude when a temperature is reached and a return to the initial high conductive state when the temperature drops. The advantages of such structures based on polymer composites with nanocarbon fillers include: – close to the metal resistance to the switching temperature and to the resistance of the insulator above the specified temperature; – possibility of realization in the form of discrete elements and continuous film-tapes (that is important at the decision of problems of realization of isolation of defective local area of the separate photovoltaic cell); – reaction in the form of temporary isolation of separate components of the solar array to increase their temperature. The research results are presented and the concept of overload protection by using resettable fuses based on polymer nanocomposite materials with nanocarbon fillers is substantiated in this paper. In particular, the expediency of series connection of PolySwitch fuses to photovoltaic modules with parallel connection of their strings is shown to prevent an abnormal situation, namely, a complete loss of electrical energy generated by such a string, which can occur when one of its modules is short-circuited. The circuit solutions in the form of combined structure based on layers of a varistor ceramics and a posistor polymer nanocomposite with carbon filler being in thermal contact are investigated. The prospect of its use to protect photovoltaic cells with a high reverse resistance from overvoltage is established. The problem of protection against local overheating in photovoltaic cells (or their parallel connections) by physical and technological methods, in particular, by creating photovoltaic cells with a built-in layer based on a posistor composite being in thermal contact with it, is analyzed. In general, the described results represent a new direction in the field of improving photovoltaic systems, in particular, in terms of increasing their efficiency, operating time and reliability by using solid-state devices based on polymer posistor nanocomposites and varistor ceramics as means of their protection from electrical and thermal overloads. Keywords: SOLAR ARRAY, PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE, PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL, ELECTRIC OVERLOAD, POLYMER POSISTOR NANOCOMPOSITE, HOT SPOT, VARISTOR CERAMICS

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Study of crystalline silicon solar cells with integrated bypass diodes

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic solar arrays with protection against current overloads based on PolySwitch elements

Modeling of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic solar arrays with protection against current overloads based on PolySwitch elements

Solar Panels String Predictive and Parametric Fault Diagnosis Using Low-Cost Sensors

Application of Polymer Posistor Nanocomposites in Systems for Protecting Photovoltaic Components of Solar Arrays From Electrical Overloads

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