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The effects of Zn2+ and Ti4+ substitutions on the microstructure and properties of low temperature sintered M-type barium hexaferrites Ba(ZnTi)xFe12−2xO19 have been studied in order to adapt the development of low temperature cofired ferrites technology and produce circulators with a multilayer process. It is found that part of Zn2+ ions can enter into 2b sublattice and the saturation magnetization of the samples decrease when x increases. The additive of 3–5 wt % Bi2O3⋅B2O3⋅SiO2 glass lowers the sintering temperature to about 900 °C, which is ideal for cofiring with silver paste. Scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction analysis show that the samples have excellent crystalline grains with a uniform size about 1.0 μm. A high density of 4.85 g/cm3 is obtained in the samples sintered at 900 °C with 5 wt % glass additive. Magnetic measurements show that the saturation magnetization reaches 63.5 emu/g (about 308 kA/m) at 900 °C and increases as the sintering temperature arises.

The performance of internal rear surface reflectance of crystalline silicon solar cells is becoming more and more important with the decrease of thickness of the silicon wafers. In this paper PC1D was used to simulate the correlations between the rear surface reflectance and the electrical as well as optical properties of the solar cells. The results showed that the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and quantum efficiency were all enhanced with the increase of the rear reflectance. When the rear reflectance increased from 60% to 100%, the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and maximum output power were improved by about 0.128 A, 0.007 V, and 0.066 W, respectively. The internal quantum efficiency was improved by 39.9%, the external quantum increased by 17.4%, and the efficiency of the solar cells was enhanced by 0.4% at 1100 nm wavelength. The screen-printing was selected to prepare SiN x /Al reflector, and experimental results showed that the SiN x /Al reflector has desired characteristic of internal rear reflectance, with the reflectivity of 15% higher than that of conventional aluminum BSF at 1100 nm wavelength. crystalline silicon solar cells, rear reflectance, PC1D simulation, rear reflector Citation:Liang Z C, Chen D M, Zhu Y B, et al. Study on the SiN x /Al rear reflectance performance of crystalline silicon solar cells.