Study of different concentric rings inside gallstones with LIBS

Abstract

Gallstones obtained from patients from the north-east region of India (Assam) were studied using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. LIBS spectra of the different layers (in cross-section) of the gallstones were recorded in the spectral region 200-900 nm. Several elements, including calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, silicon, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium, were detected in the gallstones. Lighter elements, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen were also detected, which demonstrates the superiority of the LIBS technique over other existing analytical techniques. The LIBS technique was applied to investigate the evolution of C(2) swan bands and CN violet bands in the LIBS spectra of the gallstones in air and an argon atmosphere. The different layers (dark and light layers) of the gallstones were discriminated on the basis of the presence and intensities of the spectral lines for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and copper. An attempt was also made to correlate the presence of major and minor elements in the gallstones with the common diet of the population of Assam.

Detection of Biogenic Silica in Leaf Blade, Leaf Sheath, and Stem of Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) Using LIBS and Phytolith Analysis

“…Recently, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a valuable tool for in situ and in vivo analysis of any type of materials including biomaterials [24][25][26] . It does not require any sample preparation; it is a very sensitive, reliable, and quick analytical technique as well as having point detection capability [27][28][29] .…”

Gallstone Magnesium Distributions from Optical Emission Spectroscopy

“…Previous work [11,12] described further details of the experimental setup. Laser pulses of 20 mJ at a repetition rate were used to record data with acceptable signal-to-background and signal-to-noise ratios.…”

Importance of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

“…We have summarized a list of the most recent biomedical applications of LIBS in Table I. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In the following sections, the most recent developments and future prospects of LIBS for the study of biological samples, particularly in the field of biomedical science, have been elaborated. [36] increasing and well-established use of lasers in clinical dental practice, LIBS earlier was recognized as a potentially useful tool for the analysis of calcified tissues such as teeth, particularly for the ability to discriminate caries tissue from healthy tooth tissue but also to monitor the accumulation of trace metals in teeth.…”