Study of fine-needle aspiration microbiology versus wound swab for bacterial isolation in diabetic foot infections

Abdulbasith, K M; Bhaskar, Maanasa; Munisamy, Malathi; Nagarajan, Raj Kumar

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1151_18

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… 25 Wound swabs are widely used amidst debates about their reliability and sensitivity in isolating infecting pathogens against contaminants, keeping in mind the abundance of commensal microflora inhabiting healthy skin. 26 , 27 For instance, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Micrococcus, Bacillus spp., and Corynebacterium , which are a part of normal skin flora and have been frequently isolated from DFU swabs are not usually considered pathogenic bacteria, unless the samples are taken from deep tissues. 28 While tissue biopsies remain the standard sample as maintained by Ramsay et al, 25 Mutluoglu et al 29 opine that for any organism isolated using a swab sample, there is an 84.4% chance that the same organism will be isolated when a tissue biopsy sample taken from the same person is analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Microbial Landscape of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Uganda

Makeri,

Eilu,

Odoki

et al. 2024

IDR

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Background Diabetes is a growing health concern globally. Poorly managed diabetes may result in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which can become a source of chronic infection known as diabetic foot infections. The increasing trend of diabetes in Uganda speaks to the potential for diabetic foot ulcers which may eventually become infected and their attendant impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. This review assesses the microbial diversity of DFUs in Uganda, aiming to guide treatment and identify research gaps. Main Body of the Abstract We searched PubMed, Scopus and Embase for studies conducted in Uganda that reported isolating microorganisms from diabetic foot ulcers. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA), we included two eligible studies that reported isolating 122 bacteria spread across eleven (11) species using swab samples and conventional culture methods. Significant isolates included World Health Organization priority pathogens including: Enterobacter specie, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter specie . Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constituted 33.3% of Staphylococci species and 26% of all bacterial isolates while extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella specie constituted 14.29% of total microbial isolates. Most bacteria showed susceptibility to Imipenem, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Clindamycin, but resistance to Cotrimoxazole and Ampicillin was noted. Short Conclusion We conclude that data on the microbiology of DFUs in Uganda is scarce; however, the bioburden of DFUs in the country is similar to those in other parts of the world, and MRSA poses a challenge to antibiotic therapy. Consequently, the continued use of swab samples and conventional culture and sensitivity methods may limit the isolation, identification, and presentation of other important isolates. We recommend characterization of bacterial isolates to better understand their genetic makeup, and the development of a national guideline for managing diabetic foot infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Microbial Landscape of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Uganda

Makeri,

Eilu,

Odoki

et al. 2024

IDR

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“…Conventional culture-based methods combined with molecular methods for bacterial identification are important for the proper identification of isolates, their metabolic characterization and the study of their drug resistance. [ 71 - 73 ] Moreover, advanced genomic methods provide detailed information on the diversity of culturable and non-culturable bacteria,[ 15 ] which has implications for understanding the complexity of infection, bacterial co-aggregation and biofilm formation. We identified only 6 studies (of the total of 56 studies included in the present review) in which molecular methods were used to identify bacterial isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8 , 83 , 84 ] Since the abundance of aerobic/anaerobic and Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria reside at different sites of DFU, the sampling methods also contribute to bacterial diversity patterns. [ 71 , 57 , 85 ] Most of the studies included in the present analysis employed swabs and tissues for bacterial sampling [ Figure 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot Ulcer in India: Aetiological Trends and Bacterial Diversity

Datkhile¹,

Kale²,

Karande³

2023

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Diabetes is one of the most prevalent epidemic metabolic disorders, responsible for a significant amount of physical, psychological and economic loss in human society. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the extreme pathophysiological consequences of diabetes. Bacterial infection is the most important cause of chronic DFU. Bacterial species or their biofilms show multidrug resistance, which complicates DFU and consequently leads to amputation of the infected part. Since the Indian population comprises diverse ethnic and cultural groups, this could influence the aetiology of diabetic foot infections and bacterial diversity. We reviewed 56 articles published from 2005 to 2022 on the microbiology of DFU and extracted the data on study location, number of patients analysed in the study, pathophysiological complications, age of the patients, sex of the patient, type of bacteria, type of infection (mono or polymicrobial), predominant bacteria (Gram-positive or Gram-negative), predominant isolates and multiple drug resistance (tested or not). We analysed data and described aetiological trends in diabetic foot infections and bacterial diversity. The study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria are predominant as compared to Gram-positive bacteria in individuals with diabetes with DFU in India. Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella sp. and Proteus sp. were the most predominant Gram-negative bacteria, while Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. were the major Gram-positive bacteria in DFU. We discuss bacterial infections in DFU in the context of bacterial diversity, sampling methods, demography and aetiology.

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Detection and quantification of bacterial species DNA in bovine digital dermatitis lesions in swabs and fine-needle aspiration versus biopsies

Dias

Buck

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Digital Dermatitis (DD) is a polymicrobial disease characterized by ulcerative lesions on the heel bulb of cattle and for which, despite being reported almost 50 years ago, information on the causative agent is still lacking. Tissue biopsies are regularly collected to identify bacterial presence-absence and their relative abundance in the microbiome, with sufficient evidence for the high abundance of species of Treponema spp. and other anaerobes in lesions. However, it is unclear what the potential of less-invasive sampling methods is for bacterial detection and quantification. This study aimed to test whether less-invasive sampling techniques, such as swabs and fine-needle aspiration (FNA), can be a convenient alternative to tissue biopsies in detecting and quantifying seven DD-associated bacteria in active, ulcerative DD lesions by qPCR. Twenty-two M2 DD lesions were collected using corresponding swabs, aspirates, and biopsies from dairy cows. Presence/absence and quantities of Treponema phagedenis, Treponema medium, Treponema pedis, Porphryromonas levii, Bacteroides pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Fusobacterium mortiferum were correlated, and Bland-Altman plot, McNemar's test, and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to calculate the agreement among the methods. The quantities of all species were larger in swabs and smaller in aspirates compared to biopsies; however, the differences in bacterial enumeration observed between biopsies and swabs were smaller than in biopsies and aspirates. A strong correlation was observed between the quantity of T. pedis, T. medium, P. levii, and F. mortiferum in biopsies, swabs, and FNA. Yet, T. phagedenis presented the smallest difference between biopsies and swabs, followed by T. pedis and T. medium. In conclusion, swabs, aspirates, and biopsies were equal in their capacity to detect Treponema species based on the good agreement for bacteria presence/absence, with a more limited agreement for the other anaerobes, which were more often present in M2 lesions swabs by qPCR. Bacterial numbers were higher in swabs and lower in aspirates compared to biopsies, with the amounts of treponemes in swabs being closer to biopsies than in aspirates to biopsies. Therefore, aspirates were less suitable for bacterial quantification in DD lesions compared to the other methods.

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Study of fine-needle aspiration microbiology versus wound swab for bacterial isolation in diabetic foot infections

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

A Systematic Review of the Microbial Landscape of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Uganda

A Systematic Review of the Microbial Landscape of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Uganda

Diabetic Foot Ulcer in India: Aetiological Trends and Bacterial Diversity

Detection and quantification of bacterial species DNA in bovine digital dermatitis lesions in swabs and fine-needle aspiration versus biopsies

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