In the field of HIV research, humanized mouse and rat models have become indispensable tools, playing crucial roles as bridges between in vitro studies and clinical trials. This article explores the current landscape of these models, highlighting their pivotal contributions to investigating preventive and curative strategies against HIV infection and associated pathologies. The discussion encompasses various methodologies employed for the humanization of these animal models, addresses encountered challenges, and introduces emerging techniques that show promise in advancing HIV research. By examining the strengths and limitations of existing models, this article aims to steer researchers towards more effective strategies in the ongoing fight against HIV/AIDS.