Study of mechanical and thermal behavior of alkali modified groundnut shell powder reinforced ABS composites

Abstract

Current study employs reinforcement of untreated (GSP) and alkali treated groundnut shell powder (T-GSP) to the thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) matrix for the fabrication of composites. Interactions of alkali to the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of T-GSP was confirmed from the ATR-IR analysis. The most significant tensile strength (54.78 MPa) and modulus (2.78 GPa) was reported for 20 wt% T-GSP reinforced ABS composite. Additionally, greatest flexural strength and modulus of 88.30 MPa and 7.80 GPa was recorded for the composite constitutes 20 wt% T-GSP and 80 wt% ABS.The highest and lowest notched impact strength of 15.85 kJ/m 2 and 13.52 kJ/ m 2 were reported for the composites consist of 10 and 20 wt% of T-GSP. Composite 20/80 T-GSP/ABS exhibited highest shore D hardness value of 90. Morphology was studied using FE-SEM characterization and reports excellent wetting of T-GSP particles from ABS. Composites reinforced with 10 wt% of T-GSP exhibited highest (~269 C) while one reinforced with 20 wt% of the T-GSP showed lowest thermal degradation point (~259 C) throughout the temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) analysis shows an increment (1-6 C) in the glass transition temperature of all the composites compared to pristine ABS irrespective of treatment.alkali-treatment, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, groundnut shell powder, notched impact strength, thermoplastic composites | INTRODUCTIONComposites materials are essential in many forms for the survival of human life, and they may be structural, [1][2][3][4] functional, [5,6] or biomaterial. [7] However, the fabrication of synthetic fibers for polymer composite manufacturing leads to the generation of immense waste and energy consumption. Natural and sustainable reinforcement with high-mechanical strength could be the perfect and technoeconomic answer to these synthetic counterparts. Due to their environment-friendly and moderately good mechanical properties, they create a huge opportunity to implement them in different engineering and commercial applications. [8,9] For instance, industrial fibers like flax, Piyush Kumar is the first author.

Development of eco‐friendly bio‐composite by reinforcing pineapple fruit waste crown fiber to ethylene‐propylene rubber modified polyethylene

“…This increment in the T g was exhibited due to the restriction provided by the PACF fibers to the chain movement of the LDPE and EPR/LDPE matrices. The current statement was in line with the data reported by the Kumar et al and Maurya et al [42,47] Also, a strong interfacial interaction due to the formation of ester and hydrogen bond at the interface of fiber and matrix might have been enhanced the T g of all the composites in comparison to pristine LDPE.…”

“…Kumar et al [ 47 ] fabricated alkali treated groundnut shell powder reinforced ABS composites and reported the increment in the storage modulii of the composites. Likewise, Abdelmouleh et al [ 48 ] used silane treated cellulosic fiber to reinforce natural rubber and LDPE and reported same effect increasing trend in storage modulus due to the short fiber loading.…”

A review on the alternative of indium tin oxide coated glass substrate in flexible and bendable organic optoelectronic device

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“…The generation of thin continuous conducting channels within the insulating matrix is the key aspect to realize the high conductivity of the composite materials 88 . Many factors influence the formation of conductive paths, including dispersion, geometry, amount, and the nanofillers' inherent characteristics 89–95 . The formation of strong interphase between matrix and filler plays a determining role in the matrix's electrical properties.…”

Synergistic effect of hybrid hydroxylated boron nitride and cellulose nanocrystals for enhancing the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties of composite film

“…[42] Similar to natural fiber, CF is nontoxic, low in cost, lightweight, nonabrasive, combustible, and biodegradable. [43][44][45] CF reinforced polymer composite has recently received much attention due to the enormous attributes that make it suitable for a wide range of prospective applications. [42] Zhang et al [46] and Mandal et al [47] used bio-waste to extract nanocellulose and to prepare PVA-based hybrid composite films.…”