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This study explores the hybridizing effect of mechano-chemical activated y-ash (FA) in sisal ber reinforced polymer composites. Activation and resistance against agglomeration of FA has been achieved by modifying it with 2, 4, and 6 wt.% of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C-tab). FA activation with C-tab and particle size reduction to nano-level (<1µm) have been appropriately achieved with a planetary ball milling and the same has been con rmed from the dynamic light scattering technique. The hybrid composite containing 25 wt.% of sisal ber and 5 wt.% of (6 wt.% C-tab) treated FA shows much improved tensile (40.12 MPa), exural (53.27 MPa), and impact strengths (0.75 kJ/m 2 ) than that of neat PP and composite reinforced with only 30 wt.% of sisal ber. This increase in tensile and exural strength was 30.54% and 48% higher than neat PP. Maximum notched impact strength of 0.80 kJ/m 2 have been reported by hybrid composite containing FA treated with 2 wt.% of the C-tab.Micromechanical modelling using a combination of rule of mixture and inverse rule of mixture separately with Halpin-Tsai predicted a value close to the experimental Young's modulus. DSC studies showed an increment in the composite's crystallinity upon ber addition. Morphological analysis of the hybrid composite revealed good wettability of reinforcing ber and FA within the matrix, whereas TGA showed an improved thermal stability of the composites.

Current study employs reinforcement of untreated (GSP) and alkali treated groundnut shell powder (T-GSP) to the thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) matrix for the fabrication of composites. Interactions of alkali to the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of T-GSP was confirmed from the ATR-IR analysis. The most significant tensile strength (54.78 MPa) and modulus (2.78 GPa) was reported for 20 wt% T-GSP reinforced ABS composite. Additionally, greatest flexural strength and modulus of 88.30 MPa and 7.80 GPa was recorded for the composite constitutes 20 wt% T-GSP and 80 wt% ABS.The highest and lowest notched impact strength of 15.85 kJ/m 2 and 13.52 kJ/ m 2 were reported for the composites consist of 10 and 20 wt% of T-GSP. Composite 20/80 T-GSP/ABS exhibited highest shore D hardness value of 90. Morphology was studied using FE-SEM characterization and reports excellent wetting of T-GSP particles from ABS. Composites reinforced with 10 wt% of T-GSP exhibited highest (~269 C) while one reinforced with 20 wt% of the T-GSP showed lowest thermal degradation point (~259 C) throughout the temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) analysis shows an increment (1-6 C) in the glass transition temperature of all the composites compared to pristine ABS irrespective of treatment.alkali-treatment, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, groundnut shell powder, notched impact strength, thermoplastic composites | INTRODUCTIONComposites materials are essential in many forms for the survival of human life, and they may be structural, [1][2][3][4] functional, [5,6] or biomaterial. [7] However, the fabrication of synthetic fibers for polymer composite manufacturing leads to the generation of immense waste and energy consumption. Natural and sustainable reinforcement with high-mechanical strength could be the perfect and technoeconomic answer to these synthetic counterparts. Due to their environment-friendly and moderately good mechanical properties, they create a huge opportunity to implement them in different engineering and commercial applications. [8,9] For instance, industrial fibers like flax, Piyush Kumar is the first author.

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