Study of mitochondrial swelling, membrane fluidity and ROS production induced by nano-TiO2 and prevented by Fe incorporation

Barkhade, Tejal; Mahapatra, S. K.; Banerjee, Indrani

doi:10.1039/c9tx00143c

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, N-SNPs increased the swelling of mitochondria and caused damage to their outer and inner membranes as well as their matrix and cristae. This suggests that the mechanism by which N-SNPs are toxic to cells involves their ability to induce oxidative stress via increasing ROS production; specifically, an increase in swelling of mitochondria enhances membrane fluidity and ROS generation and, thus, inhibits the respiration process [ 65 ]. These results were consistent with the data from the antioxidant analysis, which suggested that N-SNPs induced oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Responses Elicited by Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Different Cancer Cell Lines

Hamida

Albasher

Bin-Meferij

2020

Cancers

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Green nanoparticles represent a revolution in bionanotechnology, providing opportunities to fight life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, with less risk to the environment and to human health. Here, for the first time, we systematically investigated the anticancer activity and possible mechanism of novel silver nanoparticles (N-SNPs) synthesized by Nostoc Bahar M against the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HCT-116 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, and HepG2 liver cancer cells, using cell viability assays, morphological characterization with inverted light and transmission electron microscopy, antioxidants and enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), and western blotting (protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), tumor suppressor (p53), and caspase 3). N-SNPs decreased the viability of MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 54, 56, and 80 µg/mL, respectively. They also significantly increased LDH leakage, enhanced oxidative stress via effects on antioxidative markers, and caused metabolic stress by significantly decreasing ATPase levels. N-SNPs caused extensive ultrastructural alterations in cell and nuclear structures, as well as in various organelles. Furthermore, N-SNPs triggered apoptosis via the activation of caspase 3 and p53, and suppressed the mTOR signaling pathway via downregulating apoptosis-evading proteins in MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 cells. Ultrastructural analysis, together with biochemical and molecular analyses, revealed that N-SNPs enhanced apoptosis via the induction of oxidative stress and/or through direct interactions with cellular structures in all tested cells. The cytotoxicity of Nostoc-mediated SNPs represents a new strategy for cancer treatment via targeting various cell death pathways. However, the potential of N-SNPs to be usable and biocompatible anticancer drug will depend on their toxicity against normal cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Responses Elicited by Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Different Cancer Cell Lines

Hamida

Albasher

Bin-Meferij

2020

Cancers

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“…Additional potential sources of ROS include activation of cytoplasmic NADPH oxidases (Bedard and Krause, 2007) and damage to the mitochondrial membrane (Ghosh et al., 2013). With regard to the latter possibility, TiO 2 NPs (< 100 nm) have been shown to be localised in liver mitochondria (Louro et al., 2014) and to induce mitochondrial swelling, promote membrane fluidity and increase ROS generation (Kathawala et al., 2015; Barkhade et al., 2019).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2021

EFS2

131

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The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO 2 nanoparticles ( NP s) and data from an extended one‐generation reproductive toxicity ( EOGRT ) study. Less than 50% of constituent particles by number in E 171 have a minimum external dimension < 100 nm. In addition, the Panel noted that constituent particles < 30 nm amounted to less than 1% of particles by number. The Panel therefore considered that studies with TiO 2 NP s < 30 nm were of limited relevance to the safety assessment of E 171. The Panel concluded that although gastrointestinal absorption of TiO 2 particles is low, they may accumulate in the body. Studies on general and organ toxicity did not indicate adverse effects with either E 171 up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or with TiO 2 NP s (> 30 nm) up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg bw per day. No effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed up to a dose of 1,000 mg E 171/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested in the EOGRT study. However, observations of potential immunotoxicity and inflammation with E 171 and potential neurotoxicity with TiO 2 NP s, together with the potential induction of aberrant crypt foci with E 171, may indicate adverse effects. With respect to genotoxicity, the Panel concluded that TiO 2 particles have the potential to induce DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, but not gene mutations. No clear correlation was observed between the physico‐chemical properties of TiO 2 particles and the outcome of either in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity assays. A concern for genotoxicity of TiO 2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out. Several modes of action for the genotoxicity may operate in parallel and the relative contributions of different molecular mechanisms elicited by TiO 2 particles are not known. There was uncertainty as to whether a threshold mode of action could be assumed. In addition, a cut‐off value for TiO 2 particle size with respect to genotoxicity could not be identified. No appropriately designed study was available to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO 2 NP s. Based on all the evidence available, a concern for genotoxicity could not be ruled out, and given the many uncertainties, the Panel concluded that E 171 can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food additive.

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“…142 Barkhade et al showed that cells treated with titanium dioxide NPs exhibited swallowing mitochondria and influence the mitochondrial membrane permeability. 143 Also, it was found that Au-NPs increase number of mitochondria and decrease the number of lipid droplets indicating that cells produce more energy in trial to remove the stress caused by NPs. 142 Furthermore, the high incidence of, autophagic vacuoles, endosomes, cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed after treatment cancer cells with Ag-NPs.…”

Section: Killing Strategies Of Nps Against Living Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cyanobacteria – A Promising Platform in Green Nanotechnology: A Review on Nanoparticles Fabrication and Their Prospective Applications</p>

Hamida

Ali

Redhwan

et al. 2020

IJN

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Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a global ecofriendly method to develop and produce nanomaterials with unique biological, physical, and chemical properties. Recently, attention has shifted toward biological synthesis, owing to the disadvantages of physical and chemical synthesis, which include toxic yields, time and energy consumption, and high cost. Many natural sources are used in green fabrication processes, including yeasts, plants, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, and cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are among the most beneficial natural candidates used in the biosynthesis of NPs, due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals from their environment. They also contain a variety of bioactive compounds, such as pigments and enzymes, that may act as reducing and stabilizing agents. Cyanobacteria-mediated NPs have potential antibacterial, antifungal, antialgal, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities. The present review paper highlights the characteristics and applications in various fields of NPs produced by cyanobacteria-mediated synthesis.

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Study of mitochondrial swelling, membrane fluidity and ROS production induced by nano-TiO2 and prevented by Fe incorporation

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Responses Elicited by Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Different Cancer Cell Lines

Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Responses Elicited by Nostoc-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Different Cancer Cell Lines

Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive

<p>Cyanobacteria – A Promising Platform in Green Nanotechnology: A Review on Nanoparticles Fabrication and Their Prospective Applications</p>

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