Study of Nanostructured TiO₂ Rutile with Hierarchical 3D-Architecture. Effect of the Synthesis and Calcinations Temperature

Effect of Ce cations on the crystallite size and pore structure genesis in nanostructured rutile after calcination

“…temperature, concentration of Ti 4+ and Cl − ions) had on the formation of the rutile phase. However, the produced material has a low crystallinity and a high defect content and interblock boundaries, which determine the low stability of its textural properties after thermal treatment [14]. Changes in the morphology of the material were observed at the 300 -400 • C, lower than temperatures previously reported in [4].…”

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Rutile TiO2 with Hierarchical 3D Architecture Prepared by Liquid Hydrolysis of TiCl4 and Hydrothermal Method

“…The required amount of the TiCl 4 sample was supplemented with water and stirred on an ice bath for 30 min; the mixture was then transferred into a Teflon shell and heated in an autoclave for 2 h at 160 °С. In the first experiment, molar ratios of reagents were (20). After that, the suspensions were cooled to room temperature and then treated, dried and calcined as after the hydrolysis procedure.…”

“…The air-dried (not calcined) samples R90 and R160 (20) were impregnated with a Ce(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O aqueous solution by incipient wetness method with subsequent drying at 80 °C (5Ce/R90 and 5Се/R160(20) samples, where 5 is the weight fraction (%) of CeO 2 in the sample). For comparison, the R90 sample was modified with cerium under hydrothermal conditions.…”

“…Thus, calcination at 300 °C increases the crystallite size mostly for the R90 sample. At 500 °C, an increase in the crystallite size is most pronounced for the R160(40) and R160 (20) samples that were obtained directly by hydrothermal method; depending on crystallographic direction, their size is in the range of 250-500 Å, whereas the crystallite size of R90 and R90-160 samples does not exceed 250 Å. A further elevation of the calcination temperature leads to even stronger growth of rutile crystallites; therewith, the crystallite size of the R90 sample is two times smaller as compared to the samples subjected to hydrothermal post-treatment or initially synthesized under hydrothermal conditions.…”

“…Only a few works are devoted to the synthesis of rutile TiO 2 HNSs by hydrolysis at atmospheric pressure [16][17][18][19]. This method makes it possible to achieve a very high specific surface area (up to 200 m 2 /g); however, the synthesized material has a large amount of structural defects, which can enhance its photocatalytic activity [20], on the one hand, but diminish the stability of its properties, on the other hand.…”