Study of optimization design criteria for stand-alone hybrid renewable power  systems

Martínez-Díaz, M.; Villafáfila‐Robles, Roberto; Montesinos‐Miracle, Daniel; Sudrià‐Andreu, Antoni

doi:10.24084/repqj11.598

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Reference [12] studied the feasibility of implementing an SPV/diesel hybrid power generation system suitable for a GSM base station site in Bangladesh. Martinez-Diaz et al [13] discussed a photovoltaic (PV)-wind-diesel-battery system for a station in Spain. In Nepal, reference [6] studied the optimisation of a hybrid PV-wind power system for a remote telecom station.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy optimisation of hybrid off-grid system for remote telecommunication base station deployment in Malaysia

Alsharif

Nordin

Ismail

2015

J Wireless Com Network

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Cellular network operators are always seeking to increase the area of coverage of their networks, open up new markets and provide services to potential customers in remote rural areas. However, increased energy consumption, operator energy cost and the potential environmental impact of increased greenhouse gas emissions and the exhaustion of non-renewable energy resources (fossil fuel) pose major challenges to cellular network operators. The specific power supply needs for rural base stations (BSs) such as cost-effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and reliability can be satisfied by taking advantage of the technological advances in renewable energy. This study investigates the possibility of decreasing both operational expenditure (OPEX) and greenhouse gas emissions with guaranteed sustainability and reliability for rural BSs using a solar photovoltaic/diesel generator hybrid power system. Three key aspects have been investigated: (i) energy yield, (ii) economic factors and (iii) greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed major benefits for mobile operators in terms of both environmental conservation and OPEX reduction, with an average annual OPEX savings of 43% to 47% based on the characteristics of solar radiation exposure in Malaysia. Finally, the paper compares the feasibility of using the proposed approach in a four-season country and compares the results against results obtained in Malaysia, which is a country with a tropical climate.

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Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy optimisation of hybrid off-grid system for remote telecommunication base station deployment in Malaysia

Alsharif

Nordin

Ismail

2015

J Wireless Com Network

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“…Reference [19] studied the feasibility of implementing an SPV/diesel hybrid power generation system suitable for a GSM base station site in Nigeria. Reference [20] discussed an SPV-Wind-Diesel-Battery system for a station in Catalonia, Spain. In Nepal, reference [21] studied the optimization of a Hybrid SPV/Wind Power System for a Remote Telecom Station.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent cooperation management among solar powered base stations towards a green cellular network in a country with an equatorial climate

2015

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Energy efficiency in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular operators with regard to maintaining profitability and reducing their overall environmental impact. Because evolved node Bs (eNBs) for long-term evolution wireless cellular networks are deployed to accommodate peak traffic, they are underutilized most of the time, especially under low-traffic conditions. Hence, switching eNBs on and off in accordance with traffic pattern variations is considered to be an effective method of improving energy efficiency in cellular networks. However, two main concerns of network operators when applying this technique are coverage issues and securing radio service for an entire area in response to the increased size of some cells to provide coverage for cell areas that are switched off. This study focuses on the parameters that affect coverage in order to find a balance between cellular network energy consumption and the area of cell coverage. To achieve this goal, particle swarm optimization, a bio-inspired computational method, has been adopted in this study to maximize the cell coverage area under the constraints of the transmission power of the eNB (P t x ), the total antenna gain (G), the bandwidth (BW), the signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and shadow fading (σ ). In addition, the study investigated potential for gains in operational expenditures by operating eNB on solar energy. The optimum criteria, including economic, technical and environmental feasibility parameters, were analyzed using the HOMER.

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“…The optimization of various RESs (PV/DG/battery, PV/WT/battery, PV/battery, and PV/FC/electrolyzer/battery) for UMTS BSs in the urban and rural areas of Nepal was explored in [89,129], and the hybrid PV/DG/battery and PV/FC/electrolyzer/battery present the most feasible solutions for these two areas, respectively. Martínez-Díaz et al [130] examined the potential of RESs, PV/DG, WT/DG, and PV/WT/DG in providing power to GSM BSs in Spain. They identified PV/DG as the most economically feasible solution with an energy cost of €0.436/kWh.…”

Section: Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions

Alsharif

Kim

2017

Energies

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Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade. As its major contribution, this study highlights the uses of renewable energy in cellular communication by: (i) investigating the system model and the potential of renewable energy solutions for cellular BSs; (ii) identifying the potential geographical locations for renewable-energy-powered BSs; (iii) performing case studies on renewable-energy-powered cellular BSs and suggesting future research directions based on our findings; (iv) examining the present deployment of sustainable and green BSs; and (v) studying the barriers that prevent the widespread use of renewable-energy-powered BSs and providing recommendations for future work.

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Study of optimization design criteria for stand-alone hybrid renewable power systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Energy optimisation of hybrid off-grid system for remote telecommunication base station deployment in Malaysia

Energy optimisation of hybrid off-grid system for remote telecommunication base station deployment in Malaysia

Intelligent cooperation management among solar powered base stations towards a green cellular network in a country with an equatorial climate

Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions

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