Study of oxidative stress biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their correlation with disease severity in north Indian population cohort

Abstract

Background:Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance forms a prime component in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies of oxidative stress markers in South Asians were sparse.Methods:One hundred and eighty COPD patients and eighty healthy nonsmokers were enrolled in the study. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron levels were estimated for oxidative stress. Three antioxidant markers evaluated-catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum copper. Patients on antioxidant therapy and with sepsis and chronic illness were excluded from the study.Results:The mean age of COPD patients was 59.29 ± 10.3 years. Serum levels of MDA and iron were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to controls (5.21 ± 1.9 vs. 0.71 ± 0.29 nmol MDA/ml, P = 0.0001 and 69.85 ± 85.49 vs. 79.32 ± 24.39 μg/dl, P = 0.0001, respectively). Mean level of all antioxidant enzymes catalase, SOD, and copper were significantly diminished in cases when compared to control population (P = 0.001). Levels of MDA and iron were found to be significantly elevated in higher Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classes (III, IV) when compared to lower GOLD Classes (I, II). The levels of serum antioxidants were significantly depleted in higher GOLD grades too. COPD patients who were male and smoked had significantly higher levels of oxidants and depleted antioxidant levels compared to female and nonsmoking compatriots. Serum MDA levels negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume 1 s and forced vital capacity (r = −0.19 and r = −0.21, P ≤ 0.01). The presence of a cough significantly correlated with higher levels of MDA and iron (P = 0.001). The levels of MDA negatively correlated with SOD and catalase levels.Conclusion:Oxidative markers (MDA and iron) are higher whereas antioxidants (catalase, copper, and SOD) are significantly reduced in patients of COPD. Serum MDA levels correlate with lung functions and disease severity.

Increased oxidative stress and depleted antioxidant capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Searching for applications

“…Jyoti Bajpai et al , Study of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and their correlation with disease severity. [ 4 ] This is generally consistent with prior data and adds to the limited data on this subject from India. While the study also reports significant differences in oxidant/antioxidant markers between COPD and nonsmoking healthy controls, these differences can be attributed to either smoking or COPD.…”

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in patients with COPD

“…MDA is one of the oxidative stress biomarkers, 18 and it has been shown that there is an association between serum levels and COPD severity. 19 , 20 The serum samples of patients were first heated with thiobarbituric acid under acidic conditions according to the instructions provided by the kit manufacturer and then cooled down. Afterward, the resulting color combination in n-butanol was extracted.…”

Significance of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and endotoxin levels in Budd‑Chiari syndrome in patients and a rat model

“…MDA is one of the most commonly used representative indicators of OS injury ( 13 ). It is able to activate Kupffer cells to secrete numerous cytokines, activate hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and mediate HSC differentiation, proliferation and collagen synthesis ( 22 ).…”

“…It is able to activate Kupffer cells to secrete numerous cytokines, activate hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and mediate HSC differentiation, proliferation and collagen synthesis ( 22 ). Another indicator of OS injury is SOD, which scavenges ROS, a representative of the body's antioxidant system ( 13 ). The increased/decreased levels of MDA/SOD in the experimental vs. those in the control group indicated that the hepatic vein occlusion induced intra- and extrahepatic lipid peroxidation injury.…”

“…MDA is a product of lipid peroxidation and the most representative indicator of OS in the body, while SOD is representative of the body's antioxidant system, and its function is to clear ROS. These two markers indirectly reflect the extent of OS in the body ( 13 ). Endotoxin (ET) is closely associated with OS.…”