Study of Safety of Molybdenum and Iron-Molybdenum Nanoclaster Polyoxometalates Intended for Targeted Delivery of Drugs

Abstract

Nanocluster polyoxometalates with a structure of buckyball (fullerene) are a promising means of targeted delivery of drugs in the body. In this paper, based on an analysis of histological sections of liver and kidney and peripheral blood, showed a significant reduction of toxicity of buckyballs, containing ions of molybdenum (VI), the substitution of Mo (V) ions to Fe (III), in contrast to buckyballs based on Mo (V). The absence of accumulation of molybdenum in rats with a daily intramuscular injection of aqueous solutions of both drugs within a month was confirmed

Study of acute and subacute action of iron-molybdenum nanocluster polyoxometalates

“…A signifi cant decrease in the molybdenum level in blood after 24 h (group 3) compared to the content of this micro element after 1 h (group 2) following the intramuscu lar injection and the normalization of this parameter after daily injections of nanoparticles over a period of 30 days (group 7) are in accordance with the literature data on the absence of accumulation of molybdenum [8,9]. Earlier works also mark the absence of accumu lation of molybdenum in liver, kidneys, skin, and bone tissue [10,11]. Presumably, the decomposition of the nanoparticles and the accelerated excretion of the ele ments constituting the buckyballs promote the nor malization of the parameters under examination (glu cose, aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), whose change was detected upon a single dosing of buckyballs.…”

“…The histological study of liver conducted earlier did not indicate any structural changes in hepatocytes after the 30 day action of buckyballs [11]; at the same time, the hyperemia of central veins and the veins of portal tracts provided evidence for the onset of the symptoms of an inflammatory process. In part of the liver blood vessels of rats from group 7, "sludge com plexes" were detected, the formation of which is apparently due to the increase in the amount of thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and hematocrit values because of the repetitive intake of iron [12].…”

“…It was established earlier that the area of acceptable over time stability for buckyballs is a weak acidic or neutral medium, and the best method for buckyball introduction, namely intramuscular injections, was chosen [10,11]. The amount of molybdenum con tained in one injection of buckyballs corresponded to the upper limit of normal for the daily intake of molyb denum, and the amount of iron was 21.5 fold less than its daily intake.…”

Capsules with Highly Active Pores and Interiors: Versatile Platforms at the Nanoscale

“…These include covalent capsules, [2a, 7] capsules assembled through hydrogen-bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions, [4,8] as well as self-assembled metallocapsules, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] for which the syntheses of the appropriate capsule building blocks may take a lot of time and effort, [18] while the incorporation of specific functionalities is often a difficult task. [19] Since the first representative paper appeared in 1998, [5a] {Mo 132 }-type capsules have been studied worldwide by numerous groups in the context of analytical, structural, and theoretical investigations, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] their use as nanoreactors, catalysts, and precursor reagents, [27, 28, 29a, 30] as well as for the elaboration and applications of new types of composite and hybrid materials. [21, 29b, 31-40] The capsules exhibiting icosahedral skeletons are even of interest for discrete mathematics as the related treatment is the same as that of spherical viruses.…”

The use of nanocluster polyoxometalates in the bioactive substance delivery systems

“…Mo 72 Fe 30 decomposes into compounds that are relatively harmless to the body. Toxicity studies did not reveal any significant adverse effect of Mo 72 Fe 30 on the animal subjects [344]. Studies of the acute and subacute effects of Mo 72 Fe 30 on the functional status of such organs of experimental animals as the liver, kidneys, and pancreas, confirmed the absence of appreciable negative effects [345,346].…”