“…When the main objective is to improve the system's balance, typical problem formulations include: maximization of line utilization, minimization of number of stations given the cycle time, minimization of the cycle time given the number of stations, a compromise between the number of stations and cycle time [2,3]. When the optimization objective is more focused on performance then makespan [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], minimization of tardiness [11,14,15], throughput [16,17], energy efficiency [18], work in progress [12], activity based costing [19], etc., are commonly used to characterize the performance of the scheduling algorithms.…”