Study of the Anxiolytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Root of Acorus Calamus in Albino Mice

Abstract

Objective: Anxiety is classified as a form of sub-acute or chronic fear. Root of Acorus calamus has been traditionally used as an anxiolytic. The aim of the study is to assess the anxiolytic activity of ethanolic extract of A. calamus (EEAC) by elevated plus-maze test on Albino mice.
 Methods: Albino mice of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 5 mice. One group was used as control, one as standard (diazepam), and three as test groups treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of EEAC. The drugs, that is, 10 ml/kg of normal saline for control, diazepam 2 mg/kg (standard), and 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EEAC (test groups) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), 30 min before placing them in the center of the maze. The preferences of the animal to open/enclosed arm, average time spent in open arm, and numbers of entries in open arm were compared in each group. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple Dunnett’s test.
 Results: The number of entries in open arm and the average time spent in the open arm by the mice is increased by EEAC in a dose-dependent manner.
 Conclusion: EEAC has anxiolytic activity.

Anticonvulsant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Acorus Calamus Leaves in Albino Mice

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that the plant possesses anxiolytic activity on albino mice, which was evaluated using the ethanol extract showing an effective dose at 200 mg/kg body treatment. 25 In line with this and several other previous studies, the test doses for the administration were chosen to be 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. In the MES model at dose of 200 mg/kg of methanolic extract of Acorus calamus leaves (T1) there was no significant anticonvulsant activity when compared to that of the control.…”

“…But combination of the standard drug, sodium valproate at a dose of 100 mg/kg and methanolic extract of Acorus calamus leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg (T2), showed statistically significant reduction in the duration of Tonic Hindlimb Extension when compared to that of the control. 25 . In the PTZ model, a combination of the standard drug sodium valproate at a dose of 100 mg/kg and methanolic extract of Acorus calamus leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg (T4) showed significant anticonvulsant activity when compared to that of the control.…”

Prospects and Challenges of Developing Plant‐Derived Snake Antivenin Natural Products: A Focus on West Africa

“…Several West African medicinal plants are used for the treatment of SBE in different communities [25] . Typically, aqueous or ethanolic plant extracts are administered orally, chewed, inhaled or applied topically at the site of a bite to neutralize the toxic effects of the offending snake venom, [80] Supporting Information, Table S1.…”

“…In view of the fact that plant‐derived natural products or their scaffolds feature often in many pharmaceuticals, it is conceivable that the huge library of plant‐derived medicinal compounds if explored, can deliver the next generation of therapeutics to combat the lethality of SBE. As such, the search for antivenin medicinal plants or plant‐derived metabolites that can address the perennial burden of SBE has therefore been an active research area in many academic laboratories, [24–28] especially in regions where the burden of the disease is enormous.…”

The Use of Salacca Zalacca Extract as Reducing Agent to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles (Agnps) and the Antibacterial Activities.

“…13 The extracts are believed containing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols. 14 The parts of the plant known to be used for the preparation of AgNPs are fruit, 15 leaves, and seeds. Since fruit contains high secondary metabolites, fruit is widely used in the preparation of AgNPs.…”