Study of the Component Composition of Essential Oil, Morphology, Anatomy and Ploidy Level of Hyssopus officinalis f. cyaneus Alef

Abstract

Common hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is widely used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. In the component composition of the essential oil from the above-ground mass of H. officinalis f. cyaneus, from the collection of the Nikita Botanical Garden, the bicyclic monoterpene ketones isopinocamphone (50.99–64.41%) and pinocamphone (3.95–18.88%) predominate, which allows us to attribute this form to the isopinocamphone chemotype for use in pharmacology. An essential oil sample with a high content of isopinocamphone (70.74%) in complete absence of pinocamphone was determined, which made it possible to use the plant as a starting material for breeding. The objective of our work was to study the component composition of the essential oil of this form, and the morphology, anatomy and ploidy level of microshoots in vitro on a nutrient medium with BAP. This was compared with ex situ samples to develop a cultivation technique with the preservation of a valuable trait for use in task-oriented selection. Biotechnological methods are used for future mass propagation, study and the preservation of breeding forms. Morphological and anatomical features and ploidy of H. officinalis microshoots were studied in vitro. Using in vitro culturing of microshoots on MS medium containing BAP, a decrease in the cuticular layer and the degree of development of collenchyma near vascular bundles in leaves were shown compared to microshoots ex situ. Significant structural changes were found with a high increase in BAP concentration, while no changes in the ploidy level were detected.

Anatomy, ploidy level, and essential oil composition of <i>Hyssopus officinalis</i> ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex situ</i>

“…Similar data were obtained for H. officinalis f. cyaneus leaf blades in vitro. Besides, some changes in the structure of the organs, namely an increase in the number of spongy mesophyll layers and cell sizes with increased 6-BAP concentrations, were shown (Plugatar et al, 2023).…”

“…(Bulavin et al, 2020;Mitrofanova et al, 2022a). The optimal concentration of growth regulators in a nutrient medium supports normal organ development, while their high content provokes structural rearrangements in plant organs in vitro (Plugatar et al, 2023). For the in vitro introduction of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ, shoot segments with a lateral bud were used.…”

“…Common hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is widely used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. It is mainly utilized for the production of essential oil applied in the pharmaceutical (as an antioxidant, expectorant, antiseptic, antibacterial and antifungal agent) and perfume industries, as well as in aromatherapy, where its main components, such as trans-, and cis-pinocamphone, exert a muscle relaxant effect (Plugatar et al, 2023). In the Nikita Botanical Gardens, the work on the development of new hyssop cultivars has been carried out.…”

“…Currently, biotechnological methods are important for mass multiplication, investigation, and conservation of valuable forms obtained during selection (Bulavin et al, 2021). By now, there are published data regarding different stages of clonal micropropagation of H. officinalis (Plugatar et al, 2023). The relevance of such studies has been emphasized for further optimization of the process (Maslova et al, 2021).…”

“…Moreover, different concentrations of plant growth regulators also influence the plant structure in vitro. Therefore, the anatomy of the in vitro material is studied to identify anomalies, optimize the cultivation conditions, and assess the possibility of plant adaptation to ex vitro conditions (Plugatar et al, 2023).…”