Study of the disappearance of endosulfan, parathion, trichlorfon and pirimicarb from broccoli and portuguese cabbage

Abstract

The influence of surface of exposure of brassicas to insecticide sprays has been assessed in two experiments conducted in small plots where endosulfan, parathion, trichlorfon and pirimicarb were applied to a flowering brassica, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica Plenck) and to a leafy brassica (Brassica oleracea L. var. tronchuda Bailey). The differences of surface exposure resulted in much higher deposits and subsequent residue levels in broccoli. The results stress the need to evaluate residue data on groups of brassicas of different surfaces of exposure to pesticide spray when granting registration petitions for brassicas in general in order to establish pre‐harvest intervals.

Endosulfan isomers and metabolite residue degradation in carnation (dianthus caryophyllus) byproduct under different environmental conditions

“…This compound appeared on day seven after application and from day 21 until end of the experiment represented approximately 30% of total endosulfan. Similar high levels of this metabolite have been reported in other studies (Magalhaes et al, 1989;Mukherjee et al, 1992), in contrast with Maier-Bode (19 68) who detected a relative decrease of endosulfan sulfate 10-15 days after treatment. Group C (byproduct in a enclosed container) had longer half lives for total endosulfan and isomers compared with other groups, which may be due to the absence of exposure to atmospheric agents such as wind, sun or rain.…”

Toxicity of MCPA on non-green potato tuber calli

“…Furthermore, callus tissue cultures represent an alternative to the use of whole plants in evaluating herbicide toxicity, since they allow precise control of herbicide penetration and translocation (Magalhães et al 1989;Mumma and Davidonis 1983;Nellessen and Fletcher 1993).…”

Comparative effects of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-D and paraquat on non-green potato tuber calli

“…With tissue cultures, the barrier to the penetration and translocation of herbicides imposed by the cellular wall is abolished, allowing a more controlled study in the plant metabolic pathways (Magalhães et al, 1989;Nellessen and Fletcher, 1993). Thus, cell cultures have been established and used in ecotoxicological evaluations, and also as a means to study herbicide metabolism in plants (Eding et al, 1984;Harms, 1992).…”