Study of the Excitation of 4d Electrons in Rare‐Earth Metals by Inelastic Scattering of a High Energy Electron Beam

Trebbia, P.; Colliex, C.

doi:10.1002/pssb.2220580212

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The characteristic profiles, which can be attributed to the excitation of the 4d electrons in the rare earth ions, are in good agreement with edges already recorded in EELS (Trebbia & Colliex, 1972;Ahn & Krivanek, 1982;Colliex et al, 1985) or X-ray absorption measurements (Zimkina et a[., 1967;Haensel et al, 1970). Weak resonances appear in the vicinity of the threshold of most N,, edges and for all but Lu a broad, strong absorption feature lies typically at 10 or 20 eV above the edge position tabulated r ' M uo iao 220 260 Measurements were made with E -120kV, energy window A = 50eV, 4p = 5.9 mrad; average values for ten individual readings taken from different areas on each sample; with relative error at 95O, confidence level background subtraction, these elements show strong Fano resonances depressing the intensity in the vicinity of the threshold.…”

Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N₄₅ edges

Hofer

1989

Journal of Microscopy

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SUMMARY The quantification of electron energy‐loss spectra requires determination of the partial scattering cross‐sections. For N45 edges these data are unknown. Therefore, we have determined a set of cross‐section ratios (k‐factors) of N45 and oxygen K energy‐loss edges for a number of elements between the atomic numbers 56 and 70 using thin‐film standards (oxide compounds), which will enable quantification of these rare earth elements.

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Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N₄₅ edges

Hofer

1989

Journal of Microscopy

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“…Our measurements are in accordance with qualitative data previously obtained on Gd and Dy in the 4d energy range by inelastic scattering of electrons [27]. The large asymmetrical peak observed in LaF3 (Fig.…”

Section: D Electron Excitations -supporting

confidence: 93%

Interband, collective and atomic (p, d) excitations from 2 to 160 eV in Sc, Y, lanthanides and actinides and in some of their compounds by FEELS

Cukier¹,

Gauthé²,

Wehenkel³

1980

J. Phys. France

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2014 L'analyse des spectres de pertes d'énergie des électrons rapides a permis de déterminer dans un domaine d'énergie étendu les diverses constantes optiques des métaux et composés suivants : Sc, Sc2O3, Y, Y2O3, Gd, Gd2O3, Dy, LaF3, GdF3, DyF3, Th, ThF4, U et UF4. Pour la première fois, une étude d'ensemble des spectres 3p à 6p a été effectuée entre 30 et 60 eV, Z variant de 21 à 92. Des analogies entre ces différents spectres p sont mises en évidence et discutées à la lumière de travaux théoriques récents. En dessous de 30 eV, des transitions interbandes intenses sont observées dans les isolants (sesquioxydes et fluorures), alors que les spectres des métaux sont dominés par des excitations collectives. A plus haute énergie, les spectres 4d des lanthanides et les spectres 5d des actinides sont comparés aux mesures de photoabsorption dans le domaine X-UV. Abstract. 2014 Fast electron energy loss spectroscopy (FEELS) is used to obtain the various optical constants over a large energy range in Sc, Sc2O3, Y, Y2O3, Gd, Gd2O3, Dy, LaF3, GdF3, DyF3, Th, ThF4, U and UF4. For the first time a comprehensive study of the 3p to 6p spectra is performed in the 30-60 eV range, Z varying between 21 and 92. Interesting common features of these resonant p spectra are emphasized and discussed in the light of recent theoretical work. Below 30 eV, strong interband transitions are observed in the wide gap insulators (oxides and fluorides), while the metal spectra are dominated by collective or plasmon excitations. At higher energies, 4d-lanthanide and 5d-actinide spectra are compared with X-UV photoabsorption measurements.

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“…We have deliberately omitted the characteristic lines appearing at much higher energies (around Experimental values (eV) of peak A (+ 0.3 eV) and peak B (+ 0.5 eV) position in electron energy loss spectra for different chemical states of thin evaporated layers of lanthanides n 150 eV) which are due to the excitation of 4d electrons as we have discussed previously [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the electron excitation spectra in heavy rare earth metals, hydrides and oxides

1976

Self Cite

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2014 Les spectres de pertes d'énergie d'électrons de 75 keV à travers des couches minces évaporées de terres rares lourdes (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) dans trois états chimiques différents (métal, hydrure, oxyde) sont composés essentiellement de deux pics dus aux excitations collectives (plasmons) entre 10 et 17 eV et aux excitations d'électrons 5p entre 30 et 40 eV. Une analyse quantitative de la distribution spectrale des intensités nous permet de calculer la fonction perte d'énergie et, par l'intermédiaire d'une transformation de Kramers-Krönig, la constante diélectrique et la force d'oscillateur dipolaire. Les différents résultats sont interprétés en termes de structure de bandes, ce qui nous conduit à proposer un modèle simple pour les transitions interbandes observées dans les oxydes. Abstract. 2014 The energy loss spectra of 75 keV electrons transmitted through thin evaporated foils of heavy rare earths (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) in three different chemical states (metal, hydride and oxide) exhibit two main peaks due to collective « plasmon » excitations in the 10-17 eV energy range and to inner 5p excitations between 30 and 40 eV. A quantitative analysis of the intensity spectral distribution allows one to calculate the energy loss function and, through a Kramers-Krönig inversion, the dielectric constant and the dipole oscillator strength. Various results are then explained in terms of band structure, so that we are lead to propose a simple model for the interband transitions occuring in oxides.

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Study of the Excitation of 4d Electrons in Rare‐Earth Metals by Inelastic Scattering of a High Energy Electron Beam

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N₄₅ edges

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N₄₅ edges

Interband, collective and atomic (p, d) excitations from 2 to 160 eV in Sc, Y, lanthanides and actinides and in some of their compounds by FEELS

Analysis of the electron excitation spectra in heavy rare earth metals, hydrides and oxides

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Study of the Excitation of 4d Electrons in Rare‐Earth Metals by Inelastic Scattering of a High Energy Electron Beam

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N45 edges

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N45 edges

Interband, collective and atomic (p, d) excitations from 2 to 160 eV in Sc, Y, lanthanides and actinides and in some of their compounds by FEELS

Analysis of the electron excitation spectra in heavy rare earth metals, hydrides and oxides

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EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N₄₅ edges

EELS quantification of the elements Ba to Tm by means of N₄₅ edges