Study of the formation and relaxation of N2(X1Σg+)ν in active nitrogen by pulsed multichannel Raman spectroscopy

Chemical‐surface modification of polymers using atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasmas and comparisons with vacuum plasmas

“…To this end, the authors are undertaking work on identifying the key active species that can cause surface‐modification reactions at large distances from the plasma‐exhaust port by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). For nitrogen‐containing plasmas, work by Supiot and colleagues50–52 who investigated the short‐lived afterglow species of nitrogen MW discharges and other nitrogen‐containing plasma discharge studies on nitrogen APNEP by Hugill and colleagues37, 53 and our preliminary OES investigations suggest that the first electronic state of nitrogen, N 2 (A 3 Σ), excited vibrational states of N 2 (X) and nitrogen atoms N( 4 S) are likely to be the key species involved in many of the downstream reactions observed.…”

Comparative study by XPS of nitrogen and oxygen implantation in different carbonaceous polymers using flowing nitrogen plasma

“…In this zone, the plasma termed 'far cold remote nitrogen plasma' (CRNP) appears as a yellow afterglow, does not contain charged particles and is characterized by an important non-equilibrium. 9 Polymers as plates (1 mm thick) were provided by Goodfellow. The plasma procedure was as follows: after the polymer was set up in the reactor, the pressure was first reduced to 10 Pa for 10 min and then the sample was treated with CRNP for time t. After the treatment, the sample was exposed to ambient air for 10 min before being transfered to the chamber of the XPS spectrometer for analysis.…”

Surface property modification of a polyethylene powder by coupling fluidized bed and far cold remote nitrogen plasma technologies

“…The main reactive species are atomic nitrogen and vibrationally and/or electronically excited nitrogen molecules with a long radiative or collisional relaxation time. This region is also characterized by an important non-equilibrium thermodynamic state: the translation temperature, determined from the rotational temperature, is about the ambient whereas the vibrational temperature is about 2500-3000 K. 7,8 In previous works, 9 we gave evidence for the existence of a nitrogen redissociation mechanism explaining the apparent long lifetime of nitrogen atoms and allowing the use of a large-volume experimental set-up. Cylindrical reactors as large as 5 m 3 are now used in order to increase the surface free energy and therefore the hydrophilic character of polymers in many industrial fields.…”