Study of the influence of the Nd:YAG laser irradiation at 1.3μm on the thermal–mechanical–optical parameters of germanium

Diener, K.; Gernandt, L.; Moeglin, Jean-Pierre; Ambs, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2004.12.008

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There have been many theoretical and experimental studies on the laser damage effect of Ge materials at home and abroad, which involve different experiment conditions, such as doping, irradiation wavelength, sample size, energy density, irradiation time, beam spot size, and damage threshold units. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] When designing an optical system, the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of each component should be well understood to ensure the reliability of the system. Nevertheless, the difference between damage thresholds obtained under different experimental conditions may exceed the order of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of laser beam diameter on near infrared laser damage threshold of Ge optical materials

Xue

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2022

Sixth International Symposium on Laser Interaction With Matter

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Germanium is widely used as lens or windows in infrared optical systems, however, germanium optical elements may be damaged by melting under high energy laser irradiation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out theoretical and experiment research on laser damage threshold of the germanium optical material. In this paper, the effect of laser beam diameter on the damage threshold of germanium was analyzed by numerical calculation. Besides, the difference of damage threshold represented using line power density and area power density was compared. It was found that when the diameter ratio of beam spot to sample was 0.02 to 0.09, the damage threshold decreased by 27.9% and 85.6%, respectively, when using W/cm and W/cm2 as the unit correspondingly. Considering the difference between the size of the beam and the element in optical system, the line power density is more suitable for extrapolation and comparison. In addition, the numerical results were verified by damage threshold experiment under the continuous laser of 1080 nm, which indicates the damage threshold of germanium is 263W/cm, 280W/cm and 290W/cm respectively, and the beam diameter is 0.5mm, 1mm and 2mm correspondingly. It was found that when the diameter ratio of beam spot to sample was 0.021 to 0.083, the damage threshold increased by 10.3% and decreased by 85.6%, respectively, when using W/cm and W/cm2 as the unit correspondingly. These results provide data support for the design and application of germanium optical elements to ensure the reliability of the high energy laser system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of laser beam diameter on near infrared laser damage threshold of Ge optical materials

Xue

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2022

Sixth International Symposium on Laser Interaction With Matter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nanosecond pulsed lasers have been widely used in the micromachining of Si [7] and other brittle materials, and has a potential for effective Ge micromachining. However, the reported studies on micromachining of Ge using lasers are far from being comprehensive [8], and most studies focused on the damage mechanism of Ge instead of micromachining [9], although it has been reported that micro-deep cavities occur in the cut bottom, and rough surface morphology with cavities is formed, including wavelike features, droplets and cavities in nanosecond laser machining of Ge [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgrooving of Germanium Wafers Using Laser and Hybrid Laser-Waterjet Technologies

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2014

AMR

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Lasers have the potential for the micromachining of germanium (Ge). However, the thermal damages associated with the laser machining process need to be properly controlled. To minimize the thermal damages, a hybrid laser-waterjet ablation technology has recently been developed for micromachining. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the machining performances in microgrooving of Ge by using a nanosecond laser and by using the hybrid laser-waterjet technology. The effects of laser pulse energy, pulse overlap and focal plane position on the groove geometry and heat affected zone (HAZ) size are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that the hybrid laser-waterjet technology can give rise to narrow and deep microgrooves with minimum HAZ.

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Fabrication of the optical lens on single-crystal germanium surfaces using the laser-assisted diamond turning

Du,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Single-crystal germanium, as an excellent infrared optical material, has been widely applied in X-ray monochromators, night vision systems, and gamma radiation detectors. However, how to obtain high-quality optical lenses on their surfaces still faces challenges due to their hard and brittle properties. To this end, this paper proposes the in situ laser-assisted diamond turning (ILADT) process, which is the combination of a laser heating technique and a single-point diamond turning process. The in situ laser heating technique is employed to enhance the surface quality of the workpiece material, while the single-point diamond turning process is utilized to fabricate optical lenses. Experimental results showed that optical lenses with high surface quality were successfully machined. The profile error is 0.135 μm, indicating the high machining accuracy. The surface roughness Sa of the aspheric lens is 0.909 nm, indicating the high machining quality achieved by the proposed ILADT process. Therefore, this study provides an effective approach for producing high-quality optical lenses on single-crystal germanium surfaces, which holds great promise for future applications in the manufacturing of optical lenses with exceptional quality.

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Study of the influence of the Nd:YAG laser irradiation at 1.3μm on the thermal–mechanical–optical parameters of germanium

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of laser beam diameter on near infrared laser damage threshold of Ge optical materials

Effect of laser beam diameter on near infrared laser damage threshold of Ge optical materials

Microgrooving of Germanium Wafers Using Laser and Hybrid Laser-Waterjet Technologies

Fabrication of the optical lens on single-crystal germanium surfaces using the laser-assisted diamond turning

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