Study of the Skin of a New Hairless Rat Mutant

Hanada, Katsumi; Chiyoya, Shigehito; Suzuki, Kenji; Hashimoto, Isao; Hatayama, Ichiro

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1988.tb03687.x

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hirosaki hairless rats (HHRs) are a mutant strain established from the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat strain in the Institute for Animal Experiments, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan [24]. Breeding experiments revealed the trait to be autosomal and recessive and the responsible gene was designated as hhr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism of the glutathione transferase subunit 3 in Sprague–Dawley rats involves a reactive cysteine residue

Kumano

Kimura

Hayakari

et al. 2000

Biochemical Journal

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Comparison of Hirosaki hairless rat (HHR) and SpragueDawley (SD) rat liver glutathione transferase (GST) subunits by HPLC revealed differences in subunit 3 ; a new peak was detected in HHR GSTs and this was tentatively named X. By chromatofocusing, the HHR GST form composed of peak X and SD rat GST 3-3 were eluted at pH 8.8 and 9.1 respectively. The former was more sensitive to the SH reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) than the latter. GSSG treatment of peak X resulted in a shift of retention time (peak Y) by HPLC analysis. However, such conversion was not observed for the SD rat GST 3-3 following GSSG or dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment. Peak Y exhibited m\z values of 26091.9 and 26125.4 by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight MS, higher than those of peak X by 304-307, equivalent to the molecular-mass value of GSH. On treatment with DTT, peak Y was converted into peak X, with release of a substance with HPLC-characteristics of GSH. This substance was confirmed to be GSH by liquid chromatography\ MS. These results thus indicated peak Y to be a glutathionylated form of peak X. Quantification revealed the release of

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism of the glutathione transferase subunit 3 in Sprague–Dawley rats involves a reactive cysteine residue

Kumano

Kimura

Hayakari

et al. 2000

Biochemical Journal

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“…The Hirosaki hairless rat is a mutant strain spontaneously derived from the Sprague-Dawley rat; the inheritance of the hairlessness trait is autosomal recessive (7). Hirosaki hairless rats were housed in plastic cages in airconditioned rooms with a 12-h light/dark cycle at the Institute for Animal Experiments of Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, and had free access to water and food.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical analysis of in vivo UVB-induced secretion of IL-1α and IL-6 in keratinocytes

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Keratinocytes play an important role in the inflammatory response of the skin. UVB stimulates keratinocytes to secrete several cytokines. To our knowledge, there are no reports that have examined which layer or cell type is responsible for producing these cytokines. Thus, in this study we performed immunohistochemical experiments to determine the potential cells or layers that express interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. The results show that the expression of IL-1α and IL-6 was induced 3 and 6 h after irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, IL-1α was maximally expressed earlier than IL-6, suggesting that IL-1α exists in the cytokine cascade of the UVB response upstream of IL-6. In addition, IL-1α expression began in the upper layers of the epidermis, whereas all layers expressed IL-6. This study provides further insight into the roles of cytokines in UVB-induced skin inflammation.

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“…HHRs are nearly bare with some sparse and short hairs and are distinguishable from normal rats by characteristic bent whiskers (17). In addition to hair loss, female HHRs show involution of the mammary gland at early stages of lactation, and most newborn rats die within a week because of less feeding (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Hirosaki hairless rat (HHR) 2 is a mutant strain spontaneously derived from the Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR), and its inheritance is autosomal recessive (17). HHRs are nearly bare with some sparse and short hairs and are distinguishable from normal rats by characteristic bent whiskers (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hairless Phenotype of the Hirosaki Hairless Rat Is Due to the Deletion of an 80-kb Genomic DNA Containing Five Basic Keratin Genes

Nanashima

Akita

Yamada

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Most models of hereditary hypotrichosis are due to alterations in growth factors and transcription factors, and the examples of causative mutations in hair keratin genes are limited. The Hirosaki hairless rat (HHR) is a mutant strain spontaneously derived from Sprague-Dawley rats (SDRs). In this study, the locus of the responsible gene was examined by linkage analysis and mapped on chromosome 7q36. Because many basic keratin genes are clustered on 7q36, their expression was examined. Reverse transcription-PCR and genomic PCR indicated that the Kb21 (Krt81), -23 (Krt83), and -26 (Krt86) genes encoding basic hair keratins were not expressed and were deleted. Furthermore, 80-kb genomic DNA ranging from exon 9 of Kb25 (Krt85) to exon 9 of Krt2-25 was deleted. The breakpoints of these genes were within a 95-bp portion shared by the two genes, suggesting that deletion due to non-allelic homologous recombination occurred. Proteins identified as Kb21, Kb23, and Krt2-25 in SDR hairs by mass spectrometry were not detected in HHR. Instead, the product of a fusion gene became dominant in HHR. Because fusion occurred between the exons of the two genes with the same sequences, the product was identical to the wildtype Kb25 protein. By using immunohistochemistry, Kb21 was not detected in HHR hair follicles. Kb25 was expressed in the cortex in HHRs, whereas it was in the medulla in SDRs. This study clearly illustrates the importance of hair keratin genes in hair growth.The large keratin multigene family comprises cytokeratins, which are differentially expressed in the various types of epithelia, and hair keratins, expressed in hard keratinized structures such as hairs, nails, and claws. These keratins can be divided into the acidic type I and the basic-to-neutral type II members, which form the 10 nm intermediate filament network through the obligatory association of equimolar amounts of type I and type II keratins (1). Previous studies on the hair keratins of several mammals reveal the presence of nine type I and six type II members (1, 2). Hair keratins are collectively designated "H" for hair, "b" for the basic members (Hb), and "a" for the acidic members (Ha) (3). In the case of rats, genes encoding the basic members are designated Kb21-26. In rats, the type I keratin genes are clustered on chromosome 10q31 and the type II gene cluster on 7q36 (4). The latter cluster includes Kb21-26 on a DNA domain of ϳ200 kb.Hairs are produced in hair follicles. The hair follicle includes not only the cortex and medulla but also the inner root sheath, companion layer, and outer root sheath (5). Recent studies have revealed that some specific cytokeratins are expressed in the inner root sheath (6) and other components (4, 7). Numerous growth factors and cytokines such as Wnt (8, 9) and transforming growth factor (10, 11) are involved in hair follicle formation, and mutations of these genes cause various types of hypotrichosis. Furthermore, loss-of-function mutation of the transcription factor Foxn1 is responsible for the nude phenotype (12...

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Study of the Skin of a New Hairless Rat Mutant

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Polymorphism of the glutathione transferase subunit 3 in Sprague–Dawley rats involves a reactive cysteine residue

Polymorphism of the glutathione transferase subunit 3 in Sprague–Dawley rats involves a reactive cysteine residue

Immunohistochemical analysis of in vivo UVB-induced secretion of IL-1α and IL-6 in keratinocytes

The Hairless Phenotype of the Hirosaki Hairless Rat Is Due to the Deletion of an 80-kb Genomic DNA Containing Five Basic Keratin Genes

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