Study of Urinary Concentrations of Mandelic Acid in Employees Exposed to Styrene

Poláková, Mária; Krajčovičová, Zdenka; Melus, V; Štefkovičová, Mária; Sulcová, M

doi:10.21101/cejph.a3649

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The latter is oxidised to mandelic acid and 2-oxo-2-phenylacetic acid ( phenylglyoxylic acid). 1,[3][4][5] Both 1-phenylethane-1,2-diol and mandelic acid 1 are excreted in urine and monitoring of their levels is used to assess environmental exposure to styrene, 6,7 whilst 2-oxo-2-phenylacetic acid has been shown to induce striatal-motor toxicity in rats. 8 Mandelic acid 1 is also used pharmaceutically in α-hydroxyacid chemical skin peels for the treatment of acne, scarring and hyperpigmentation 9 and in urinary antiseptics and bladder irrigants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans

et al. 2014

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Mandelic acid is a chiral metabolite of the industrial pollutant styrene and is used in chemical skin peels, as a urinary antiseptic and as a component of other medicines. In humans, S-mandelic acid undergoes rapid chiral inversion to R-mandelic acid by an undefined pathway but it has been proposed to proceed via the acyl-CoA esters, S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, in an analogous pathway to that for Ibuprofen. This study investigates chiral inversion of mandelic acid using purified human recombinant enzymes known to be involved in the Ibuprofen chiral inversion pathway. Both S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA were hydrolysed to mandelic acid by human acyl-CoA thioesterase-1 and -2 (ACOT1 and ACOT2), consistent with a possible role in the chiral inversion pathway. However, human α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) was not able to catalyse exchange of the α-proton of S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, a requirement for chiral inversion. Both S- and R-2-phenylpropanoyl-CoA were epimerised by AMACR, showing that it is the presence of the hydroxy group that prevents epimerisation of R- and S-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoAs. The results show that it is unlikely that 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in the chiral inversion of mandelic acid, and that the chiral inversion of mandelic acid is via a different pathway to that of Ibuprofen and related drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans

et al. 2014

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“…Mandelic acid, an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid, is considered a biomarker of styrene and related products exposure [ 24 ]. Mandelic acid is an intermediate chemical that is currently widely used in the synthetic rubber and plastic industries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Serum Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Elevated Urinary Mandelic Acid, and Strontium Levels in Adult Men According to the US 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Liu

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundLittle is known regarding the effects of environmental exposure of chemicals on androgenic system in the general population. We studied 5,107 subjects included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2012).MethodsUrinary, serum, and blood levels of 15 subclasses comprising 110 individual chemicals were analyzed for their association with serum testosterone levels. The subjects were divided into high and low testosterone groups according to the median testosterone concentration (374.51 ng/dL). Odds ratios (ORs) of individual chemicals in association with testosterone were estimated using logistic regression after adjusting for age, ethnicity, cotinine, body mass index, creatinine, alcohol, and the poverty income ratio.ResultsAdjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quartiles of exposure were 2.12 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.21; Ptrend = 0.044), 1.84 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.34; Ptrend = 0.018) for the association between urinary mandelic acid, and strontium quartiles with low testosterone concentrations in adult men, respectively. However, no association was observed for the remaining chemicals with testosterone.ConclusionsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data suggest that elevations in urinary mandelic acid, and strontium levels are negatively related to low serum testosterone levels in adult men.

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“…Kidney damage was also noted in workers occupationally exposed to ST (10,11). The metabolites of ST observed in the urine of rats and humans (12)(13)(14). This has led to demand for to study laboratory animals to be used in the early diagnosis and prevention of occupational diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preventive Effect of Vitamin C on Styrene-Induced Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney

Ahmadizadeh

Abdolkany

Afravy

2015

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: Styrene (ST) is widely used as an organic solvent in many industrial settings. Increasing evidence indicated that ST induced toxicity in human and animals. Occupational exposure to ST can result in multiple-organ toxicity. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin C (Vit C) on ST-induced toxicity in rat liver and kidney. Materials and Methods: Adult male rats were pretreated with 300 mg/kg Vit C intraperitoneally. Control rats received vehicle only (distilled water, D H 2 O). Thirty minutes later, animals were given different doses (0, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) of ST. Twenty-four hours later, animals were killed and their blood samples were processed for determination of biochemical parameters. Liver damage was estimated by measuring serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. nephrotoxicity was evaluated by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) concentrations. Liver and kidney tissues were removed, fixed and processed for light microscopy. Results: Styrene induced a dose-dependent elevation in the AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, and CR levels when compared to those of the control animals. The liver and kidney tissues were intact in control rats. Moreover, ST provoked a dose-dependent injury in the liver and kidney tissues. Vitamin C significantly decreased all biochemical parameters and protected liver and kidney cells against ST-induced toxicity. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that Vit C has potential to protect rat liver and kidney tissues against styrene toxicity.

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Study of Urinary Concentrations of Mandelic Acid in Employees Exposed to Styrene

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans

A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans

Low Serum Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Elevated Urinary Mandelic Acid, and Strontium Levels in Adult Men According to the US 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The Preventive Effect of Vitamin C on Styrene-Induced Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney

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