Study of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (FokI, TaqI and ApaI) Among Prostate Cancer Patients in North India

Abstract

Introduction: Incidence of prostate cancer is rising worldwide. Multiple factors have been suggested for the aetiology of prostate cancer including ethnic, genetic and diet. Vitamin D (calcitriol) has been shown to have role in cell growth and differentiation and its deficiency is implicated as one of the aetiological factors in prostate cancer. Prostatic epithelial cells express Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) as well as 1α-hydroxylase enzyme that are required for the synthesis of calcitriol and its action. Polymorphism in VDR gene has been associated with prostate cancer in some epidemiological studies; but, there is paucity of information in the Indian context. Aim:The present study was aimed to explore the association of VDR gene polymorphism with the development of prostate cancer. Materialsand Methods: Three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) sites viz., FokI, TaqI and ApaI were analysed in 120 cases of prostate cancer which were compared with their 120 healthy first degree relatives and 120 non-related controls in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Urology.Results: Analysis showed significantly decreased incidence of Tt and Aa genotype in prostate cancer patients as compared to healthy non-relative controls (p=0.016 and 0.043 respectively). As compared to first degree relatives, incidence of Tt genotype is significantly lower in cases (p=0.005). No significant association was found with FokI polymorphism. Conclusion:This study suggests the protective role of heterozygous genotypes of TaqI and ApaI polymorphism against the development of prostate cancer.Pankaj Ramrao Kambale et al.,

Vitamin D receptorTaqI polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis

“…The number of cases and controls varied from 28 to 1,617, and 41 to 1,072, respectively (Table 1 ). The genotype distribution frequency in the control groups was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for most studies, except for four studies [ 12 , 19 , 25 , 49 ]. Each individual study scored more than 4 by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and was considered to be of high quality (Table 1 ).…”

“…Previous meta-analyses were reported by Yin et al in 2009, Fei et al in 2016 and Liu et al in 2017 [ 10 , 23 , 24 ], in which the number of included studies was 23, 27 and 8, respectively. However, some new data was reported, which is not consistent with the results of the former three studies [ 17 , 25 – 27 ]. 8,423 cases and 8,867 controls were included in our analysis from 36 independent studies.…”

“…We identified 288 potentially relevant studies following the retrieval strategy. Based on the inclusion criteria, 36 studies [ 3 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 14 – 19 , 22 , 25 – 49 ] between 1996 to 2017 were finally included (Figure 1 ). The number of cases and controls varied from 28 to 1,617, and 41 to 1,072, respectively (Table 1 ).…”

“…The difference might be due to under-power for individual study. Moreover, previous meta-analyses [ 10 , 23 , 24 ] seem to be outdated since new data appeared [ 17 , 25 – 27 ]. Therefore, we conduct this meta-analysis to get more accurate results.…”

Expression of Steroid and Peptide Hormone Receptors, Metabolic Enzymes and Emt-Related Genes in Prostate Tumors in Relation to the Presence of the Tmprss2/Erg Fusion

“…It was shown that vitamin D (calcitriol) influences on prostate cancer cells growth [16]. Furthermore, the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion expression is increased upon activation of VDR and AR.…”