Study on an automatic multi-pin insertion system for preparing Z-pin composite laminates

Damage Failure Analysis of Z-Pins Reinforced Composite Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joint

“…In recent years, great progress has been made in the research on the mechanical behavior of Z-pins reinforced composites [7][8][9][10][11]. The research on the failure mechanism and strength of Z-pins reinforced composite joints started relatively late, and there is relative few research on the progressive damage propagation behavior of Z-pins.…”

Review of Through-the-Thickness Reinforced z-Pinned Composites

“…In the case of aerospace structures, where weight is an important factor, z-Pins were preferred to stitching and 3D weaving as z-reinforcement in laminates, because they are capable of enhancing the properties of pre-preg laminates and because of their simple insertion method [1]. Historically, z-Pins have been used in the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, where they were used to replace titanium fasteners in air inlet ducts and engine bay doors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Moreover, they have been used in the C-17 heavy lift transporter and in Formula-1 cars in the roll-over protective bars [8], though all applications have been used in secondary structures.…”

“…The foam block is of varying density, depended upon the z-Pin characteristics, to facilitate insertion, while being cut to the appropriate length [6]. The foam exists to support the z-Pins prior to and during insertion and to ensure even spacing between them, and for that purpose it is discarded after z-Pin insertion [1,6]. The second step in the procedure is to integrate the z-Pins to the laminate layup pre-curing.…”