Study on bioactive compounds of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis and natural Calculus Bovis¹

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate bioactive compounds of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis and natural Calculus Bovis obtained as valuable by-products from animals used for meat production. The results showed that the components of natural Calculus Bovis were rich in bilirubin and biliverdin and had higher content of essential amino acids. The major amino acids of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis were identified as glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and those for natural Calculus Bovis were found to be glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and arginine. The methionine and cysteine contents of precursors for glutathione in natural Calculus Bovis were significantly higher than those of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis. The mineral contents of zinc, iron and manganese of natural Calculus Bovis were significantly higher than those of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis. The major bile acids in both products were cholic acid and dehydrocholic acid, respectively. The chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid content of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis was significantly higher than that of natural Calculus Bovis.

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

“…Wan et al . () showed the bilirubin content of pig bile powder. The bilirubin content of pig bile powder was higher than that of chicken bile powder.…”

Differentiation of various traditional Chinese medicines derived from animal bile and gallstone: Simultaneous determination of bile acids by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

“…A number of methods have been developed to determine bile acids in Chinese medicines. However, only a few BAs were analyzed in these studies [7,14,15,19,20]. No report is available to systematically clarify the chemical constituents of various bilebased Chinese medicines, and to find out diagnostic differences for their identification and quality control.…”

“…Furthermore, the concurrent existence, similar structures, and poor ultraviolet absorbance of BAs rendered their separation and identification problematic. Current approaches were mainly based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC) [3,15,21], using evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) [14,19] or mass spectrometry (MS) as detector. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) could be the most sensitive and reliable technology for the analysis of bile acids [3].…”

Herb–drug pharmacokinetic interaction of artificial calculus bovis with diclofenac sodium and chlorpheniramine maleate in rats

“…As the primary substitute for calculus bovis (commonly known as Niuhuang in China), ACB is clinically useful for its various pharmacological actions such as sedation, immunoregulation, antihyperspasmia, fever‐relieving and anti‐inflammatory effects . Bile acids, bilirubin and taurine are viewed as the main effective components in ACB and there is a great variation in its internal quality because of diverse sources and species . Several methods have been used to assay the effective components in calculus bovis and its substitutes.…”

“…[23][24][25] Bile acids, bilirubin and taurine are viewed as the main effective components in ACB and there is a great variation in its internal quality because of diverse sources and species. [26,27] Several methods have been used to assay the effective components in calculus bovis and its substitutes. Kong et al presented an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection method for the simultaneous determination of six bile acids and commented on the various inherent quality among different origins.…”