In this article, the progress of marine geographic information system (MGIS) in China during 2006−2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS, advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications. Generic MGIS can be divided into two categories: data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS, recent achievements of which by Chinese researchers are summarized respectively. Advanced MGIS mainly involves the establishment of 3D virtual marine environment and 'Digital Ocean'. An overview of the 3D MGIS based simulations in the context of ocean phenomena, ocean engineering and ocean battlefield is also presented. Several suggestions for future development of MGIS in China are proposed, and trends of development are addressed.Key words marine geographic information system; virtual marine environment; digital ocean; dynamic visualization; ocean simulation
IntruductionWith the rapid development of science and technology and the serious challenges of population growth, environmental degradation, resource depletion, climate anomalies and so on, people are paying more attention to the ocean which comprises 71% of the earth's surface. As a powerful tool for dealing with ocean issues, the marine geographic information system (MGIS) has been attached increasing importance by both marine scientists and decision makers. Generic MGIS, which is used for data integration, data visualization and user interaction, has played an important role during a long period. 3D marine environment simulation, which becomes the advanced form of MGIS, provides participants with a true feeling of realism as is widely recognized. In addition, prototype of 'Digital Ocean' provides a great many effective means to display information to users. In this article, the research and development progress of MGIS in China during 2006−2010 is reviewed with emphases on oceanographic applications of generic and advanced MGIS, the future trends of which are also discussed. The classification of MGIS can be illustrated in Fig.1. Fig.1 The classification of MGIS.to its storage, management, maintenance, fast access, intelligent analysis, visualization, and automatic mapping. As a common technology of spatial information processing and a powerful tool for dealing with complex spatiotemporal problems, more and more attention is being paid to MGIS by ocean experts.In recent years, the development of MGIS can basically be classified into two categories: data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS. The former aims mainly at marine data itself, such as data organization, model investigation, data services and sharing, etc. It is usually treated as an extension of GIS from land to ocean. The latter, however, focuses more on GIS itself. Nowadays, MGIS applications involve more than just marine data itself, they have been widely found in user interaction and demonstration.