Study on essential oils from four species of Zhishi with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Abstract

Background: Citrus fruits are widely used as food and or for medicinal purposes, and they contain a host of active substances that contribute to health. The immature fruits of Citrus sinensis Osbeck and its cultivars (CS), C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka (CJ), C. aurantium L. and its cultivars (CA) and Poncirus trifoliate Raf. (PT) are the most commonly used medicinal herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, called Zhishi. And their mature fruits can be used as food. Results: In this study, the essential oils of four different Zhishi species were extracted by steam distillation and detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 39 volatiles from the four species were tentatively identified. The limonene was the most abundant amongst the four species. Principal component analysis (PCA) of essential oils showed a clear separation of volatiles among CS, CJ and PT. However, CA could not be separated from these three species. Additionally, the volatiles accounting for the variations among the widely separated species were characterized through their corresponding loading weight.

New insights into Citrus genus: From ancient fruits to new hybrids

“…This phytochemical profile is superimposable with that observed previously by Liu et al. (2014), who investigated the yuzu EO (Liu et al., 2014).…”

Hepatoprotective Effect of Citrus aurantium L. Against APAP-induced Liver Injury by Regulating Liver Lipid Metabolism and Apoptosis

“…Meanwhile, 32 phenolic compounds were quantified ( Fig. S1) and validated using HPLC-DAD/UV and RRLC-QqQ-MS instruments [7][8][9]. The established metabolomics-guided chemotaxonomic classification strategy was successfully applied for discrimination of four closely-related Citrus TCMs [5].…”

Volatile constituents of yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) peel oil: A review

“…The mention of their enantiomeric purity is obviously the result of an incautious treatment of the analytical data. Hence, the identification of the so‐called(+)‐citronellal, (‐)‐citronellal, (+)‐ p ‐mentha‐1‐en‐9‐ol, 15 d ‐camphor, 15,17 (‐)‐spathulenol, (+) and (‐)‐limonene oxide, 30 d ‐limonene, 12 (+)‐carvone, 65 (‐)‐ α ‐copaene, 26 D‐carvone, 18 (+)‐sabinene, (+)‐4‐carene and (‐)‐terpinen‐4‐ol 21 should be considered with caution, and these components are then reported without their configuration in Table 2.…”