Study on Fired Clay Bricks by Replacing Clay with Palm Oil Waste: Effects on Physical and Mechanical Properties

Sarani, Noor Amira; Perju, Manuela Cristina; Sandu, Andrei Victor

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/209/1/012037

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This could lead to the reduction of the mass-to-volume ratio, hence a decrease in dry densities (Vitale et al, 2020). The decrease in MDD with OPFA+RHA additions is similar to the decrease in MDD with OPFA-treated clay in the study by Kadir et al (2017) and Djamaluddin et al (2020).…”

Section: Compaction Characteristics Of Opfa+rha Treated Makurdi Claysupporting

confidence: 86%

“…To prepare clay bricks, the clay was treated with 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% each of OPFA and RHA as shown in Table 2. The choice of 6% as the highest content of OPFA and RHA was due to the previous report which showed in separate studies that lower content of OPFA (1%) treated clay for burnt brick production resulted in peak compressive strength, while higher content of OPFA from 5% resulted in lower compressive strength (Kadir et al 2017). Similarly, treatment of clay with lower RHA content (2%) for burnt bricks production resulted in higher compressive strength, while higher RHA content from 4% resulted in lower compressive strength (Agbede & Joel, 2011).…”

Section: Geotechnical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Table 1, increased compressive strength of the burnt bricks has been achieved with low waste (OPFA or RHA) additions mainly between 1% and 2%. Higher additions of waste greater than 5% for OPFA or 4% for RHA resulted in decreased compressive strength (Kadir et al, 2017;Agbede & Joel, 2011). Also, higher water absorption has been reported in burnt bricks made with either OPFA or RHA than in the corresponding burnt untreated bricks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Treatment of Clay with Oil Palm Fibre Ash and Rice Husk Ash Mixture for Burnt Clay Bricks Production

A.Y.¹,

R.A.²,

D.S.³

2022

International Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering

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The current study examines the use of oil palm fibre ash (OPFA) and rice husk ash (RHA) mixture in the treatment of A-6 Makurdi clay for burnt brick production. The results show that the compressive strength of 9.4 MN/m2 for burnt untreated brick increased to 10.86 MN/m2 for burnt 2%OPFA+2%RHA treated brick. The corresponding water absorption of 14.9% for the burnt untreated brick increased to 16.2% for burnt 2%OPFA+2%RHA treated brick. The strength value of 10.86 MN/m2 is greater than 10.3 MN/m^2 which is the minimum strength value for negligible weather (NW) conditions. The water absorption of 16.2% is less than 17%, 22% and ‘no limit’ which are the maximum values for severe weather (SW), moderate weather (MW) and NW respectively. Based on combined strength and water absorption criteria, burnt bricks production with 2%OPFA+2%RHA treated A-6 Makurdi clay is adequate for use as a load-bearing brick in wall areas of NW condition.

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Section: Compaction Characteristics Of Opfa+rha Treated Makurdi Claysupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Geotechnical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Treatment of Clay with Oil Palm Fibre Ash and Rice Husk Ash Mixture for Burnt Clay Bricks Production

A.Y.¹,

R.A.²,

D.S.³

2022

International Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering

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“…Previous published studies have not dealt with incorporating UfPOFA in ICEB production. Kadir, Sarani, Abdullah, Perju, and Sandu [16] used unground POFA as clay soil replacement to produce fired clay bricks (FCB). Tjaronge and Caronge [17] also investigated the use of unground POFA as a clay replacement in FCB manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Ultrafine Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Interlocking Compressed Earth Brick

Tonduba¹

2021

GEOMATE

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In this paper, the effect on utilization of ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (UfPOFA) on the properties of interlocking compressed earth bricks (ICEB) were investigated. The materials used to produce Interlocking Compressed Earth Brick (ICEB) includes clay soil, sand, Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and water. OPC were replaced at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by mass percentage with UfPOFA. The ICEB specimens were cured at 7 and 28 days to study the bulk density, compressive strength and water absorption of the ICEB. The experimental results found that the incorporation of UfPOFA reduced the bulk density and compressive strength at both ages of the specimens as compared to the control mix. However, it was observed that their compressive strength improved with age. The compressive strength of ICEB specimen with 10% of UfPOFA showed the highest strength at 28 days amongst all mixtures containing UfPOFA with 6.53MPa, which was higher than the strength value required for loadbearing earth bricks in Malaysian Standard (MS) 76:1972. In addition, the lowest rate of water absorption was found to be 15.44% for 28-day old ICEB specimen with 10% UfPOFA, which was just slightly higher than 15% in compliance with MS 76:1972 on the rate of water absorption for earth bricks. The results thus showed UfPOFA as a potential material to be used as an OPC replacement to produce a sustainable ICEB.

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“…This will give negative impact to the land fertility and by sending those agricultural wastes to landfills [14][15]. Disposing of through incineration method is not the practical solution because those wastes will release high methane gas during incineration process that caused several environmental problems [16]. Based on previous studies, incorporation of waste products into fired clay brick is generously showing convincing result but most research only focuses on the physical and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Emission of Palm Oil Waste Bricks During Firing Process at Different Heating Rates

Sarani¹,

Othman²

2018

IJET

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The demand for brick materials is expected to increase rapidly. However, pollutant emission during the firing process becomes a threat to the human and environment. Therefore, this study is focusing on the release of pollutant gasses during firing manufactured bricks. The bricks were incorporated with 5% of palm oil waste (palm kernel shell and empty fruit bunches) and fired at different heating rates: 1°C/min, 3°C/min and 5°C/min. All samples were fired until it reached 1050°C and retained for 2 hours soaking time. The gas emission measured during firing process includes carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The results of estimated total emission (ETE) of gasses were compared to control bricks and palm oil waste brick. The result obtained has shown that increased heating rates cause decreased in gas emission, especially for CO2 and CO. Therefore, this study determined that pollutant gasses are least minimal at high heating rates (5°C/min). As a conclusion, several pollutant gasses did not comply with the federal Clean Air Act’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) set by Environmental Protection Agency.

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Study on Fired Clay Bricks by Replacing Clay with Palm Oil Waste: Effects on Physical and Mechanical Properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Treatment of Clay with Oil Palm Fibre Ash and Rice Husk Ash Mixture for Burnt Clay Bricks Production

Treatment of Clay with Oil Palm Fibre Ash and Rice Husk Ash Mixture for Burnt Clay Bricks Production

Utilization of Ultrafine Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Interlocking Compressed Earth Brick

Gas Emission of Palm Oil Waste Bricks During Firing Process at Different Heating Rates

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