Study on flame-retardant mechanism of polycarbonate containing sulfonate-silsesquioxane-fluoro retardants by TGA and FTIR

Liu, Shumei; Ye, Hua; Zhou, Yongsheng; Ji-hui, HE; Jiang, Zhijie; Zhao, Jianqing; Huang, Xianbo

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.11.013

Cited by 81 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The thermal behavior of a polymer can be affected by the incorporation of an additive (e.g., flame retardant). Thereby, TGA analysis is a fast and efficient way to analyze the effect of the additive on the polymer matrix [14,[51][52][53]. However, TGA analysis alone is not enough to detect species evolved during the thermal decomposition of material.…”

Section: Coupled Thermal Techniques (Tga-ms/ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) photoionization spectroscopy coupled with time of flight MS (TOF-MS), are described in this review. The recent advances in analytical techniques help not only in determining the gas phase activity of the flame-retardants but also identify possible reactive species responsible for gas phase flame inhibition. The complete understanding of the decomposition pathways and the flame retardant activity of a flame retardant system is essential for the development of new eco-friendly-tailored flame retardant molecules with high flame retardant efficiency.

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Section: Coupled Thermal Techniques (Tga-ms/ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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“…The flame retardancy is effective. From Table 2, it was known that the sample at 0.08 wt% for 3.0 mm thickness was measured to achieve UL 94 V-0 rating, and also its self-extinguishes time was reduced to below 6 s. Compared with current efficient and commercial used sulphonate flame retardant for PC, about 0.06-0.1 wt% of PPFBS (potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate 15 ) or 0.05-0.2 wt% of KSS (potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate 16 ) can get to UL 94 V-0 rating, It can be found that the novel sulfonate flame retardant was similar to KSS and PPFBS via UL 94 test. Moreover, the ability to resist the flame ignition and to restrain the excessive smoke was efficiently enhanced during combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Novel Sulfonate Flame Retardant Based on Adamantane for Polycarbonate

Guo¹,

Wang²,

Feng³

et al. 2013

Polymer Korea

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A novel sulfonate flame retardant, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(phenyl-4-sodium sulfonate)adamantane (FR-A), was successfully synthesized from 1-bromoadamantane in sequential four-step reactions involving Fiedel-Crafts phenylation, sulphonation, hydrolysis, and neutralization. The success of synthesis was confirmed by FTIR spectra, 1 H NMR spectra, elemental analyses and mass spectra. The effect of FR-A on the flame retardacy of polycarbonate (PC) has been studied. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that this novel sulfonate flame retardant had effective flame retardancy on polycarbonate (PC). With a small amount (0.08 wt%) of FR-A, the flame retardancy of PC was improved obviously, which got to UL 94 V-0 rating. TGA and DTA curves demonstrated that the additive raised the degradation rate of PC by promoting the quick formation of an insulating carbon layer on the surface, and confirmed that the flame retardant mechanism of PC/FR-A system was similar to potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate (KSS).

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“…PC is known to be highly flame-retardant plastic and sometimes classified as a self-extinguishing polymer, exhibiting the UL-94 V-2 rating without addition of any FR due to its inherent char-forming ability. 3 Contrary to PC, acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) is extremely flammable. It has a low limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 18.3 and burns completely in air, producing large quantities of dense black smoke and leaving very little charred residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-retarding behaviors of novel spirocyclic organo-phosphorus compounds based on pentaerythritol

Hoang

Kim

2015

Macromol. Res.

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In order to find effective flame retardant for charrable polycarbonate (PC) and non-charrable acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), a series of novel organo-phosphorus compounds derived from 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxido-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (HPO) flame retardant (FR) were synthesized and their flame retardancies were investigated for the mixtures containing PC or ABS. The successful synthesis of high purity FRs was verified by spectroscopic analysis, 1 H and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In an attempt to provide a basis to understand the flame retardancy behaviors of synthesized FRs, various other techniques such as thermal analysis and micro-scale calorimetry were employed. The flame retardancies were determined by UL-94 vertical test methods. The results show that V-0 ratings are achieved at 3-5 wt% loadings of FR for PC and V-1 rating at 30 wt% for ABS. This big difference is believed to be resulted from the fact that the main mechanism of flame retardancy is based on the condensed phase in the case of PC. Nevertheless, effective gas phase acting FR is needed for ABS containing mixtures. Both peak heat release rate obtained from micro-calorimeter experiments and the decomposition activation energy determined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results are greatly reduced for the PC/FR mixtures, indicating that a stable insulating barrier is formed between fire and charrable PC containing substrate. On the other hand, ABS is a non-charrable polymer and the flame retardant acting in the gas phase is more desirable. The findings obtained in this study clearly implies that it would not be easy to find a promising phosphorus based FR which is good not only in flame retardancy but also in other properties such as hydrolytic and thermal stability for non-charrable polymer like ABS.

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Study on flame-retardant mechanism of polycarbonate containing sulfonate-silsesquioxane-fluoro retardants by TGA and FTIR

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

Performance of a Novel Sulfonate Flame Retardant Based on Adamantane for Polycarbonate

Flame-retarding behaviors of novel spirocyclic organo-phosphorus compounds based on pentaerythritol

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