Study on mosaic disease of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) caused by tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus

A distinct strain of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus that causes mosaic disease in ash gourd and other cucurbitaceous crops

“…Among plant-infecting viruses, members of geminiviruses have emerged as a serious threat to cucurbit production globally. Initially, ToLCNDV was infecting tomato crops in India ( Nagendran et al, 2019 ; Chakraborty and Kumar, 2021 ), but in recent decades it has widely expanded its host range to various vegetable crops such as chili ( Kumar et al, 2015 ), okra ( Venkataravanappa et al, 2012 ), potato ( Jeevalatha et al, 2018 ), eggplant ( Pratap et al, 2011 ), and several cucurbitaceous crops ( Ito et al, 2008 ; Tiwari et al, 2010 ; Yamamoto et al, 2021 ; Kumari et al, 2022 ; Krishnan et al, 2023 ). Previously, the association of ToLCNDV with yellow stunt disease of ash gourd was reported from Northern India ( Roy et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Previously, the association of ToLCNDV with yellow stunt disease of ash gourd was reported from Northern India ( Roy et al, 2013 ). Among various begomovirus species infecting cucurbits ( Ito et al, 2008 ; Tiwari et al, 2010 ; Nagendran et al, 2017a ; Sangeetha et al, 2018 ; Yamamoto et al, 2021 ; Kumari et al, 2022 ; Krishnan et al, 2023 ), Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) was reported with leaf curl and mosaic disease of ash gourd in India and Thailand, respectively ( Sawangjit, 2009 ; Riyaz et al, 2013 ). Similarly, Samretwanich et al (2000) have reported on the association of ToLCNDV with leaf yellowing disease of ash gourd in Thailand.…”

“…The whitefly-transmitted Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a limiting factor for cucurbit production in Asian and European countries ( Srivastava et al, 1995 ; Hussain et al, 2004 ; Maruthi et al, 2005 ; Chang et al, 2010 ; Sangeetha et al, 2018 ). It has become a significant threat to numerous crops across plant families including the Apocyanaceae, Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Solanaceae worldwide ( Kumar et al, 2015 ; Moriones et al, 2017 ; Zaidi et al, 2017 ; Nagendran et al, 2017b ; Ashwathappa et al, 2020 ; Gemert et al, 2020 ; Chakraborty and Kumar, 2021 ; Krishnan et al, 2023 ). The infection of ToLCNDV on cucurbits exhibits characteristic symptoms including yellow mosaic, reduction of internodal length, severe curling, vein swelling, rough skin, reduced fruit setting, etc.…”

Global Scenario of Begomovirus Diseases in Vegetable Crops

“…However, a number of reports have recently demonstrated seed-borne and seed transmission of Begomoviruses. Several reports have raised the possibility of transmission through seeds for some members of this genus (Kim et al 2015;Kothandaraman et al 2016;Suruthi et al 2018;Manivannan et al 2019;Nagendran et al, 2023). No transmission through seeds was demonstrated in other cases (Pe´rez-Padilla et al 2020;Sisodia and Mahatma 2020;Tabein et al 2021).…”

“…No transmission through seeds was demonstrated in other cases (Pe´rez-Padilla et al 2020;Sisodia and Mahatma 2020;Tabein et al 2021). The first Begomovirus reported to be seed-transmitted was sweet potato leaf curl virus in sweet potatoes (Kim et al, 2015), soon after this report, describing seed transmission of other Begomoviruses: TYLCV in tomatoes, soybean, and peppers, ToLCNDV in zucchini, and pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus in chili peppers (Fadhila et al, 2020;Kil et al 2016;; tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in chayote (Sangeetha et al, 2018), zucchini (Kil et al 2020) and sponge gourd (Nagendran et al, 2023); BgYMV in bitter gourd (Manivannan et al, 2019); dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DoYMV) in lablab bean (Suruthi et al, 2018); and okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus (OYMMV) (Ortega-Acosta et al, 2019). Grow-out tests with market-procured seeds revealed no transmission for BgYMV compared with 5% transmission for ToLCNDV (Gomathi Devi et al, 2023).…”