Study on some durability properties of coconut shell concrete with quarry dust

Sustainable Alternate Materials for Concrete Production from Renewable Source and Waste

“…Results of microstructural studies on this new type of composite material with Msand and CS in concrete production is concurrent with the traditional concrete material behaviour and hence it has advantages because these two materials are innovative products made from renewable resources and waste as sustainable alternate materials. Also, it can be noted that the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact resistance of concrete made with M-sand both in CC and CSC are higher compared to the other studies in which R-sand and quarry dust (QD) were used with CS [40][41][42][43]. However, this study is limited to only mechanical properties and hence other significant properties such as bonding, durability, plastic and drying shrinkage, deflection characteristics, cracks and strain compatibility of structural elements require further study to draw firm conclusions about the advantages.…”

“…Conforming to IS 12269: 2013 [44], 53 grade ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with specific gravity 3.11 was utilized. Since for the production CSC, the literature recommends the use of 12.5 mm maximum size CS [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][40][41][42][43], in this study the same size was also used and similarly for CC using CSA for comparison. Local sources of both R-sand and M-sand were used to produce CC and CSC, both of them conforming to IS 383: 2016 [45] zone II grading.…”

“…Discarded CS was collected from a coconut industry and crushed using a CS crusher available on our university premises. Crushed CS was processed and then used as suggested in earlier studies [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][40][41][42][43]. Table 1 gives the specific gravity, bulk density and fineness modulus of the aggregates used.…”

“…As stated in the previous Section 2, CSC and CC produced with R-sand were considered as control mixed concretes to produce 25 N/mm 2 as minimum strength. Since most of the earlier studies [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][40][41][42][43] adopted the mix proportions for CC as 1:2.22:3.66:0.55 and for CSC as 1:1.47:.65:0.42 in which 320 kg/m 3 and 510 kg/m 3 cement content for the respective mixes, in this study also the same mixes were taken although the materials' properties have some slight variations. However, keeping the same cement content, an equal volume of M-sand was replaced by R-sand in both CC and CSC and this equal volume of M-sand weights were included in the concrete mixes as 1:2.40:3.65:0.60 for CC with M-sand and designated as CCM.…”

“…Since the combination of using QD and CS in the production of CSC was already done by others [40][41][42][43], also the study of using M-sand and CS in the production of CSC is limited and hence this study has been taken. Concrete is a heterogeneous substance and though it is a mixture of cement and aggregates on a macroscopic level, cement paste itself may consists of unhydrated components, some amorphous hydrated products such as needles of ettringite, calcium hydroxide (CH) phase gel/crystals, calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) fibrous crystals and pores which are factors affecting the strength and durability of concrete.…”