Study on Status of Fish Diseases in Nepal

Abstract

Fisheries play an important role in increasing the Nepalese economy as well as sustaining livelihood of some ethnic groups of our country. With the increased demand of fish, pisciculture have also increased to a great extend. Due to the rise in fish culture, there has been also rise in fish diseases. The study aims to investigate different parasitic, bacterial, fungal diseases in fish and to suggest treatment to control the diseases in four different fish farm of Nepal. A cross- sectional qualitative method was used to collect data from four selected fish farm (Kakani, Trishuli, Begnas, Mirmi) of Nepal. Infected fishes were transferred to the lab in oxygen filled plastic bags and further tested for bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection. The result of the study indicates that Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome was the most common bacterial-fungal disease that had a significant impact on common carp fish especially in Trishuli, Begnas and Mirmi. Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp was found to be a growing problem in rainbow trout farming (Kakani, Nuwakot) infecting intestine, liver, gut and skin causing yellow diarrhea and skin lesions. Trichodina was observed number one problematic parasitic in carp culture not only in government farm like Begnas and Mirmi, but also in commercial farms in most of the fishery areas of the country. Fin rot were more commonly reported during winter months affecting common carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Fingerling Fish causing fin erosion in them. Ascites in brood fishes (Trishuli) was noticed which may be due to bacterial infection and due to nutritional deficiency. Besides this, white spot in the gills (a protozoan parasitic disease) was perceived and to control it Neodox with Formalin (150ppm) was used and was found to be very effective. This study also identified some fish health management related problems in fish farms of Nepal such as lack of assistance, poor technical knowledge, and lack of suitable diagnostic laboratory and their proper use.

Study on socio-economic status and farming practices of fish farmers in Pachrauta Municipality, Bara, Nepal

“…1330341.6 per hectare). The B/C ratio of 1.63 found in fish farming in the Chitwan district [ 2 ] implies fish farming in the study area was more profitable.…”

“…Nepal is a country with huge availability of water resources, so it has a great potential for fish farming [ 1 ]. In Nepal, 252 fish species are available in various aqua ecosystems, among them 236 are indigenous are and 16 exotic fish species [ 2 ]. There are 45,936 fish ponds in the country.…”

Fish Farming Practices and Disease Occurrence in the Fish Farms of Dhanusha District, Nepal

“…In this context, some prior studies reported that formalin (150 ppm) was effective against gill rot (Shrestha et al, 2019). Similarly, it was reported that the combined efficacy of Ciphalexin (80 mg/Kg of feed) and Kohrsolin-TH (900 ml/ha) was 97.7 percent for controlling EUS infection in carp species (Rai et al, 2014).…”

“…Approximately 232 of the 252 fish species in Nepal, many of which are tiny indigenous species (SIS), are the result of the finfish biodiversity (Shrestha et al, 2019). Numerous research support the claim that SIS normally provide communities around the country with substantially greater nutritional values (Pulkkinen et al, 2010).…”

“…It also described a number of problems with Nepali fish farms managing fish health, including a lack of assistance, a lack of technical know-how, poor treatment techniques, and a lack of suitable diagnostic facilities and the proper use of them (Shrestha et al, 2019). According to (D. V. C. , the central Terai area of Nepal, including Dhanusha, Mahottari, Sarlahi, Bara, etc., suffered greatly from fish infections.…”