Study on the effectiveness of dual complementary Hall-effect sensors in water flow measurement for reducing magnetic disturbance

Garmabdari, Rasoul; Shafie, Suhaidi; Hassan, Wan Zuha Wan; Garmabdari, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.07.007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Besides of the Hall effect sensors being widely used in fluids flow measurements [53,54,55], they are also used as magnetic sensors [56,57,58] in numerous applications such in water pump flow measurement [41], infiltrometers [49], energy monitoring [59], electromagnetic flowmeters used in industrial and physiological techniques [60], hydrometers [61], induction-frequency converters [62], among others.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensor for Spirometric Feedback in Ventilation Maneuvers during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training

Leocádio

Segundo

Louzada

2019

Sensors

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This work proposes adapting an existing sensor and embedding it on mannequins used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to accurately measure the amount of air supplied to the lungs during ventilation. Mathematical modeling, calibration, and validation of the sensor along with metrology, statistical inference, and spirometry techniques were used as a base for aquiring scientific knowledge of the system. The system directly measures the variable of interest (air volume) and refers to spirometric techniques in the elaboration of its model. This improves the realism of the dummies during the CPR training, because it estimates, in real-time, not only the volume of air entering in the lungs but also the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEVt) and Medium Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF20–75%). The validation of the sensor achieved results that address the requirements for this application, that is, the error below 3.4% of full scale. During the spirometric tests, the system presented the measurement results of (305 ± 22, 450 ± 23, 603 ± 24, 751 ± 26, 922 ± 27, 1021 ± 30, 1182 ± 33, 1326 ± 36, 1476 ± 37, 1618 ± 45 and 1786 ± 56) × 10−6 m3 for reference values of (300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350, 1500, 1650 and 1800) × 10−6 m3, respectively. Therefore, considering the spirometry and pressure boundary conditions of the manikin lungs, the system achieves the objective of simulating valid spirometric data for debriefings, that is, there is an agreement between the measurement results when compared to the signal generated by a commercial spirometer (Koko brand). The main advantages that this work presents in relation to the sensors commonly used for this purpose are: (i) the reduced cost, which makes it possible, for the first time, to use a respiratory volume sensor in medical simulators or training dummies; (ii) the direct measurement of air entering the lung using a noninvasive method, which makes it possible to use spirometry parameters to characterize simulated human respiration during the CPR training; and (iii) the measurement of spirometric parameters (FVC, FEVt, and FEF20–75%), in real-time, during the CPR training, to achieve optimal ventilation performance. Therefore, the system developed in this work addresses the minimum requirements for the practice of ventilation in the CPR maneuvers and has great potential in several future applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensor for Spirometric Feedback in Ventilation Maneuvers during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training

Leocádio

Segundo

Louzada

2019

Sensors

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“…Thanks to the magnetic coupling mechanism, one can actually use a Hall effect sensor to detect the rotation of those magnets inside a dry dial meter. For example, dual complementary Hall effect sensors were used to develop a smart water meter while reducing the effect of environmental disturbance signals in [21]. Moreover, a magnetometer can achieve the same function [22].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Self-Powered Smart Water Meter

Chong

2019

Sensors

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Smart cities require interactive management of water supply networks and water meters play an important role in such a task. As compared to fully mechanical water meters, electromechanical water meters or fully electronic water meters can collect real-time information through automatic meter reading (AMR), which makes them more suitable for smart cities applications. In this paper, we first study the design principles of existing water meters, and then present our design and implementation of a self-powered smart water meter. The proposed water meter is based on a water turbine generator, which serves for two purposes: (i) to sense the water flow through adaptive signal processing performed on the generated voltage; and (ii) to produce electricity to charge batteries for the smart meter to function properly. In particular, we present the design considerations and implementation details. The wireless transceiver is integrated in the proposed water meter so that it can provide real-time water flow information. In addition, a mobile phone application is designed to provide a user with a convenient tool for water usage monitoring.

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“…Kayal et al (2004) built a system incorporating three Hall-effect sensors and a successive approximation algorithm to give three sine and square waves with a phase shift of 120° and reduced the angle detection error to less than 4° without any correction from an external system. Garmabdaria et al (2015) reduced the influence from the interference signal by using a new structure of the magnetic encoder with a dual complementary Hall sensor and interface circuit. Lara et al (2014) developed a compensation algorithm based on the steepest descent iterative linear algorithm to compensate for the error from magnetic field distortion due to the non-homogeneity and signal distortion due to the mechanical misalignment; the compensation efficiency could reach to 66 per cent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a combined magnetic encoder

Feng

Hao

et al. 2016

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Purpose As a type of angular displacement sensor, the Hall-effect magnetic encoder incorporates many advantages. While compared with the photoelectric encoder, the magnetic encoder nevertheless has lower precision and lower resolution. So, the purpose of this essay is to find a way to increase the precision and resolution of the magnetic encoder. Design/methodology/approach By combining a single-pole magnetic encoder and a multi-pole AlNiCo magnet, the precision and resolution of this combined magnetic encoder are increased without increasing its volume or complicating its structure. A special algorithm system is developed to ensure faithful encoding and decoding. Findings Tests show that the combined magnetic encoder, with a diameter of 67.12 mm (including shaft) and thickness of 6.9 mm, has a precision of ±6′, compared with a 15-bit photoelectric encoder and a static resolution of ±0.6′. Originality/value This new kind of magnetic encoder could be used in specialized fields which need high-precision servo-control systems that are small, have ultra-low-speed and high-speed ratios and are non-oil-polluting or shock-resistant.

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Study on the effectiveness of dual complementary Hall-effect sensors in water flow measurement for reducing magnetic disturbance

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

A Sensor for Spirometric Feedback in Ventilation Maneuvers during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training

A Sensor for Spirometric Feedback in Ventilation Maneuvers during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training

Design and Implementation of a Self-Powered Smart Water Meter

Development of a combined magnetic encoder

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