In this study, negative head height tests were performed on loess samples from Weibei, Shaanxi, China, to investigate capillary ascent in unsaturated compacted loess. The results of tests performed under different compaction intensities were used to determine the change relationships between the negative head height and blow count and between the pore diameter and blow count. The curve relating the capillary height to the compacted loess pore diameter was approximately parabolic, with the critical pore diameter corresponding to the peak capillary height. The conditions of applicability of Jurin's law were analyzed. A capillary resistance to capillary water, in addition to surface tension and gravity, was identified during capillary migration. A stress analysis of capillary pore water was used to propose a method for determining the critical infiltration surface depth of an unsaturated loess.