Study on the Release Potential of BPA and Steroid Estrogens in the Sediments of Erhai Lake, a Typical Plateau Lake of China

Abstract

On-site sampling analysis and laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to study the pollution status and release potential of EDCs in Erhai Lake. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Erhai Lake sediment were both at a high level, as well as EDCs pollution. The concentrations of BPA, E2α, E1, E2β, EE2, and E3 were 36.84 ng/g(DW), 13.04 ng/g(DW), 128.97 ng/g(DW), 52.57 ng/g(DW), 18.48 ng/g(DW) and 5.36 ng/g(DW), respectively. The concentrations of E2α, E1, E2β and EE2 in the bottom water were higher than the surface water due to the impact of sediment release. The results of the 20 days release test indicated that BPA release from the sediment had a greater correlation with the original concentration and the particle size of sediment, while the steroid EDCs had no obvious correlation with these two factors, probably due to the difference in hydrophobicity between them. Under hydraulic disturbance and aerobic conditions, the release process of EDCs was accompanied by a large amount of microbial degradation, and degradation amount > released amount. BPA was released quickly, 9.56% was released in 20 days, but only 3.37% of steroid EDCs released. In comparison, the release process of steroids was longer and posed a greater threat to aquatic ecology.

Occurrence, ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones and xenoestrogens in the Ghanaian aquatic environments

“…Except for CL, all the water samples from the waterbodies studied were below the Canadian Federal environmental quality guidelines of 3,500 ng/L BPA for aquatic life protection [102] . The BPA mean levels recorded in this study were comparable to the levels of up to 1,340 ng/L recorded in China’s aquatic environment by various studies [71] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [106] , [91] , [107] and that between < LOQ – 763 ng/L recorded in Skaneateles Lake [108] , although relatively higher levels for Chemu lagoon and Densu River, were found. The mean 4-NP levels in this study ( Table 3 ) were also comparable with levels up to 1,758.4 ng/L and 262.39–1442.72 ng/L reported for Luoma Lake [71] and Taihu Lake [109] in China respectively.…”

Study of Steroid Estrogen Loss in Soil after the Application of Composted Manure as a Fertilizer

“…Splitless injection was utilized, with each sampling volume set at 1.0 µL. The author has previously optimized the analytical method [31,32]. The inlet temperature was maintained at 280 • C, and septum purges were set at 5.0 mL/min.…”