Study on the Repeated Oral Administration Method in Infant Rats

Totsuka, Shigeo; Sugano, Akinaga; Manabe, Sunao; Mori, Masahiro

doi:10.1538/expanim1978.38.1_17

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Practical considerations associated with direct dosing of pups must be overcome. Logistical problems associated with dosing large numbers of pups in a study can be significant, and there are limitations in the vehicle and volume of solution that can be administered repeatedly to young animals (147). One additional concern is that direct oral dosing of very young pups might injure or stress the pups, which could lead to functional and behavioral effects not associated with exposure to the test chemical.…”

Section: Practical Considerations In the Experimental Design Of Pharmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment. III: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations.

DORMAN

Allen

Byczkowski

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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We review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that should be considered in the design and interpretation of developmental neurotoxicity studies. Toxicologic effects on the developing nervous system depend on the delivered dose, exposure duration, and developmental stage at which exposure occurred. Several pharmacokinetic processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) govern chemical disposition within the dam and the nervous system of the offspring. In addition, unique physical features such as the presence or absence of a placental barrier and the gradual development of the blood--brain barrier influence chemical disposition and thus modulate developmental neurotoxicity. Neonatal exposure may depend on maternal pharmacokinetic processes and transfer of the xenobiotic through the milk, although direct exposure may occur through other routes (e.g., inhalation). Measurement of the xenobiotic in milk and evaluation of biomarkers of exposure or effect following exposure can confirm or characterize neonatal exposure. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models that incorporate these and other determinants can estimate tissue dose and biologic response following in utero or neonatal exposure. These models can characterize dose--response relationships and improve extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans. In addition, pharmacologic data allow an experimenter to determine whether exposure to the test chemical is adequate, whether exposure occurs during critical periods of nervous system development, whether route and duration of exposure are appropriate, and whether developmental neurotoxicity can be differentiated from direct actions of the xenobiotic.

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Section: Practical Considerations In the Experimental Design Of Pharmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment. III: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations.

DORMAN

Allen

Byczkowski

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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show abstract

“…The application of some hemostatic agents on the trauma surface of parenchymal tissues in resection especially has made great progress, such as Tachomd, Gelfix materials and surgical absorbable hemostat, and so forth [1]. Totsuka et al [2] did not find any biotoxicity from carboxymethylcellulose by feeding rats for 44 days. Carboxymethylcellulose is a major component of Seprafilm, with asepsis and biocompatibility and widely applied in the clinic [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on hemostatic mechanism of fully soluble hemostatic fiber

Wang

Wang²,

Yao³

et al. 2007

Blood Coagulation &Amp; Fibrinolysis

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Fully soluble hemostatic fiber (FHF) is made from cotton yarn through a series of chemical reactions with NaOH and chloroacetic acid. The major component of FHF is carboxymethylcellulose. FHF is a kind of biodegradation macromolecule material that can disassociate into a low-molecular-weight compound or a simple substance by hydrolytic and enzymatic courses. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the hemostatic mechanism of FHF. The study indicated that FHF can stop bleeding by physical, chemical and physiological routes. In the physical route, expansion of carboxymethylcellulose in FHF stops bleeding by forming a mechanical clog after contacting with the blood. In the chemical route, the platelets can quickly aggregate around FHF and stimulate releasing and disaggregating reactions, after contacting with the rough surface of FHF, producing thrombus and hemostasis. In the physiological route, gluey particles with negative charges can activate intrinsic coagulation systems by activating the blood coagulation factor XII after FHF dissolution.

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Study on the Repeated Oral Administration Method in Infant Rats

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment. III: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations.

Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment. III: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations.

Study on hemostatic mechanism of fully soluble hemostatic fiber

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