Study on the Risk Factors of Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) in Patients With Lower Extremity Fracture

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this work is to discuss and analyze the related factors of lower extremity fracture complicated by preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: A total of 11,891 patients with closed fractures of lower extremities were selected. By analyzing each patient’s gender, age, presence or absence of diabetes and hypertension, preoperative plasma D-dimer level, and color Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremity vein, the pertinent factors of the patients with lower extremity fractures complicated by preoperative DVT were analyzed. Results: A total of 578 with preoperative DVT were detected, displaying a total incidence of 4.86%. All patients were categorized into either the DVT group or non-DVT group. The results demonstrate that there were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in age, the presence of diabetes and hypertension, the fracture site, and the preoperative plasma D-dimer level ( P < 0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis revealed that age, the presence of diabetes, and the preoperative plasma D-dimer level of patients were independent risk factors for lower extremity fracture complicated by DVT. Conclusion: Age, the presence of diabetes, the fracture site, and increased D-dimer levels were found to be potential risk factors and indicators for preoperative DVT in patients with lower extremity fractures. In addition, the preoperative plasma D-dimer level has certain guiding significance for the prediction of venous thrombosis after lower extremity fracture, which is conducive to the early prediction and diagnosis of DVT, but it often must be followed with good clinic acumen and examinations.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Admission Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Traumatic Fracture: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

“…Even in studies that confirmed age as an independent risk factor for DVT, there was disagreement about the specific cutoff value for age. Chang et al 15 demonstrated that age above 60 years was an independently associated factor for DVT. Kim et al 16 reported a significant increase in the incidence of DVT in patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures over 50 years of age.…”

Recommendations from the ICM-VTE: General

“…Injury site influences the DVT risk for lower limb fractures, even before the added risk of fracture fixation 331 . Around the knee, around the hip, femoral shaft, tibiofibular, and ankle fractures have a DVT prevalence of 8.67%, 6.32%, 5.7%, 2.09%, and 1.97%, respectively 331 .…”

“…An example of this is the TKA, a procedure commonly performed on patients with advanced age, obesity, certain degree of post-operative immobilization, and the indication of general anesthesia. Injury site influences the DVT risk for lower limb fractures, even before the added risk of fracture fixation 331 . Around the knee, around the hip, femoral shaft, tibiofibular, and ankle fractures have a DVT prevalence of 8.67%, 6.32%, 5.7%, 2.09%, and 1.97%, respectively 331 .…”

Risk factors for prolonged preoperative waiting time of intertrochanteric fracture patients undergoing operative treatment

“…Injury to the vascular endothelium as a direct result of a fracture can overactivate the clotting system and accelerate thrombosis [ 18 ]. Age, diabetes, and elevated D-dimer levels have been found to be potential risk factors and indicators for preoperative DVT in patients with lower extremity fractures [ 19 ]. Our analysis demonstrated that the incidence of lower limb DVT was higher in patients with medical comorbidities than in patients without medical comorbidities.…”