Study on the surface sulfidization behavior of smithsonite at high temperature

Lv, Jin-fang; Xiong, Tao; Zheng, Yong-xing; Xie, Xian; Wang, Cong-bing

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.163

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In order to gain insight into the phase transformation process, the phase stability boundaries were calculated using the Tpp Diagrams module of Out-okumpu HSC5.0 25 , 32 , assuming that all solids have a unit activity. The predominance area diagram of Zn-S-O (red dot line) and Fe-S-O (black solid line) system at 800 °C were plotted, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to examine the flotation performances of zinc oxide minerals after treatment, the roasting temperature was determined as 650 °C. In our previous theoretical calculation 25 , the amount of ZnS nearly reached 100% when the FeS 2 /ZnCO 3 mole ratio was fixed to be about 0.7 at 700 °C. Therefore, FeS 2 /ZnCO 3 mole ratios of 0.30 and 0.15 for the surface thermal modification were selected in this paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with pyrite and its contribution on flotation

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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In this paper, formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with FeS2 was investigated and its contribution on flotation was illustrated. The evolution process, phase and crystal growth were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) along with thermodynamic calculation and scanning electron microscopy-Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), respectively, to interpret the formation mechanism of ZnS species. It was found that ZnS was initially generated at about 450 °C and then the reaction prevailed at about 600 °C. The generated FexS would dissolve into ZnS and then form (Zn, Fe)S compound in form of Fe2Zn3S5 when temperature increased to about 750 °C. This obviously accelerated ZnS phase formation and growth. In addition, it was known that increasing of ZnO dosage had few effects on the decomposition behavior of FeS2. Then, flotation tests of different zinc oxide materials before and after treatment were performed to further confirm that the flotation performances of the treated materials could be obviously improved. Finally, a scheme diagram was proposed to regular its application to mineral processing. It was systematically illustrated that different types of ZnS species needed to be synthetized when sulfidization roasting-flotation process was carried out to treat zinc oxide materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with pyrite and its contribution on flotation

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…HAA exhibited excellent collecting performance as evidenced by micro-flotation experiments and TOC-content studies. The flotation recovery of pure smithsonite was 90% at a collector concentration of 2 × 10 -4 mol/L over a wide range of pulp pH values (9)(10)(11)(12). According to the TOC-content studies, the good flotation recovery is ascribable to large amounts of collector molecule adsorbed on the smithsonite surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acids are unsatisfactory collectors for industrial use due to their low selectivities, low solubilities, and sensitivities to calcium and magnesium ions in the pulp [9]. Xanthates and amines are poor collectors for use in direct flotation; despite the zinc oxide mineral being pre-treated with a vulcanizing agent, the flotation results still do not meet our requirements [5,10,11]. Hence, the discovery and development of a novel and efficient collector for zinc oxide mineral flotation is urgently required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of 2-(Hexadecanoylamino)Acetic Acid Onto the Surface of Smithsonite: Mechanism and Flotation Performance

B¹,

Liu²,

Q³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Zinc is mostly extracted from zinc oxide and sulfide minerals, and this process involves flotation as a key step. While it is easier to float the sulfide mineral, its consumption and depletion has led to an increased reliance on zinc oxide minerals, including smithsonite; hence the development of efficient ways of collecting smithsonite by flotation is an important objective. Herein, we describe the use of 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid (HAA), a novel surfactant, as a collector during smithsonite flotation. The mechanism and flotation performance of HAA during smithsonite flotation were investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) content studies, zeta potential measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, and XPS analyses, combined with micro-flotation experiments. The flotation results revealed that HAA is an excellent collector in pulp over a wide pH range (9–12) and at a relatively low concentration (2 × 10‒4 mol/L), at which a recovery of close to 90% of the smithsonite mineral was obtained. TOC-content studies reveal that the good flotation recovery is ascribable to large amounts of collector molecule adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, while zeta potential measurements show that the HAA is chemically adsorbed onto the smithsonite. FTIR and XPS analyses reveal that the HAA-collector molecules adsorb onto the smithsonite surface as zinc-HAA complexes involving carboxylate moieties and Zn sites on the smithsonite surface in alkaline solution.

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“…After the predetermined reaction time, the crucible was quickly pushed out of the hot zone and quenched to room temperature at argon. The reactions that might occur during the roasting process are as follows [23][24]:…”

Section: The Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of the sulfur-fixed roasting of antimony sulfide using ZnO as sulfur-fixing agent

Ouyang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2018

J min metall B Metall

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Currently, the commercial antimony metallurgy is mainly based on pyrometallurgical processes and oxidative volatilization of Sb 2 S 3 is an essential step. This step includes the problems of high energy consumption and low concentration of SO 2 pollution. Aiming at these problems, we present a new method of sulfur-fixing roasting of antimony sulfide. This method uses ZnO as a sulfur-fixing agent, and roasting with Sb 2 S 3 was carried out at 673 K~1073 K to produce Sb 2 O 3 and ZnS. By calculating the thermodynamics of the reactions, we can conclude that the Gibbs Free Energy Change (ΔG θ ) of roasting reaction is below -60 kJ/mol and the predominance areas of Sb 2 O 3 and ZnS are wide and right shifting with the temperature increase, which all indicates that this method is theoretically feasible. The reacted products between Sb 2 S 3 and ZnO indicated that the reaction began at 773 K and finished approximately at 973K. We used the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger and Coats-Redfern method to calculate the kinetics of the roasting reaction. The conclusion is as follows: The average values of apparent activation energy (E) and natural logarithmic frequency factor (lnA) calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger and Coats-Redfern were 189.72 kJ·mol -1 and 35.29 s -1 , respectively. The mechanism of this reaction was phase boundary reaction model . The kinetic equation is shown as follow, where α represents reaction fraction:

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Study on the surface sulfidization behavior of smithsonite at high temperature

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with pyrite and its contribution on flotation

Formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with pyrite and its contribution on flotation

Adsorption of 2-(Hexadecanoylamino)Acetic Acid Onto the Surface of Smithsonite: Mechanism and Flotation Performance

Thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of the sulfur-fixed roasting of antimony sulfide using ZnO as sulfur-fixing agent

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