Study on the Thermal Degradation of Flame Retardant Wools

Tian, C. M.; Li, Zhixia; Guo, H. Z.; Xu, Jianzhong

doi:10.1177/0734904103021002004

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As stated in previous reports, three processes take place during the wool pyrolysis process under air [ 9 , 10 , 12 ]. From Figure 8 b, the first process was observed from 30 to 160 °C, corresponding with the desorption of water physically bound to wool fiber and the dehydration of wool fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Zirpro treatment has become the most commonly used durable FR process for wool [6]. Based on the Zirpro process, many kinds of acids such as formic acid and hydrochloric acid have been applied along with zirconium or titanium complexes to improve the FR properties of wool fabrics [7,8,9,10]. Some intumescent agents such as tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium condensates (THPC), N -methylol dimethyl phosphonopropionamide derivatives (MDPA) and simple ammonium phosphates have also been applied to increase the FR properties of wool fabric by means of the formation of a high thermal resistance insulation char layer [11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adsorption and Flame Retardant Properties of Bio-Based Phytic Acid on Wool Fabric

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Bio-based phytic acid (PA) as a nontoxic naturally occurring compound is a promising prospect for flame-retardant (FR) modifications to polymers. In this work, PA was applied to wool fabric using an exhaustion technique, and the adsorption and FR properties of PA on wool fabric were studied. The flame retardancy of the treated wool fabrics depended greatly on the adsorption quantity of PA, which was related to the pH of treatment solution, immersing temperature and initial PA concentration. The Langmuir adsorption of PA took place due to electrostatic interactions between PA and wool fiber. The limiting oxygen index, vertical burning and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry tests revealed that the treated wool fabrics exhibited good flame retardancy. The measurements of the phosphorus content of the burned fabric residues and thermogravimetric analyses suggested that a significant condensed-phase FR action was applicable to the PA treated fabrics. PA treatment was found to have little adverse effect on the whiteness and mechanical performance of wool. Additionally, the washing resistance of the FR fabrics should be further improved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and Flame Retardant Properties of Bio-Based Phytic Acid on Wool Fabric

et al. 2016

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“…Benisek when working at the International Wool Secretariat Laboratories has observed that mordanting treatments based on zirconium and titanium salts markedly improve wool's flame resistance [6][7][8][9][10][11]. They used vertical flame test and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) to study the flame resistance and thermal behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy of Wool Fabric with Zirconium Oxychloride Optimized by Central Composite Design

Forouharshad

Montazer

Moghadam

et al. 2010

Journal of Fire Sciences

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In this study, the effect of zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl 2 ) with different concentrations of citric and formic acids on the flame-retardant properties of wool is assessed by thermal analysis, mass loss, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical flame. Scanning electron micrographs have been prepared to observe and compare the surface morphology of the raw and treated samples. It has been observed that the ZrOCl 2 exhausted onto wool and the flame retardancy natural markedly improved. The wool treated with the flameretardant agents show an increase in the temperature of decomposition and residual mass and LOI compared with the untreated wool. The central composite design (CCD) is used for the experimental design with four variables.The statistical analysis confirmed the optimum conditions obtained by the experimental results, in which the processing optimized at 94.98C with 9.74% zirconium oxychloride, 9.6% citric acid, and 6.3% formic acid.

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“…In recent years there have been a number of reports of treatments which enhance wool natural flame‐resistant properties 4–10. We also studied the effect of zirconium oxychloride with formic acid or hydrochloric acid on wool in previous research showed enhanced flame retardant properties of wool fabrics 4, 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimization of zirconium acetate on the flame retardant properties of wool

Forouharshad

Montazer

Moghaddam

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The thermal degradation of wool treated with the flame retardant synergistic system, zirconium acetate, acid citric, and hydrochloric acid, was studied by thermal analysis, mass loss, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the vertical flame test. SEM pictures were provided to study the morphology of the treated samples. The flame-retardant treated wool indicated a decrease in the temperature of decomposition, an increase in the residual mass and LOI, comparing with the untreated wool.The central composite design (CCD) was used for the experimental plan with four variables on the results of flame retardant. Statistical analysis confirmed the optimum conditions obtained by the experimental results.

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Study on the Thermal Degradation of Flame Retardant Wools

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Adsorption and Flame Retardant Properties of Bio-Based Phytic Acid on Wool Fabric

Adsorption and Flame Retardant Properties of Bio-Based Phytic Acid on Wool Fabric

Flame Retardancy of Wool Fabric with Zirconium Oxychloride Optimized by Central Composite Design

Optimization of zirconium acetate on the flame retardant properties of wool

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