Study on the wave climate variation to the renewable wave energy assessment

Abstract

To reduce the dependence on fossil fuel and imported energy resources, Taiwan has ever-increasing needs of renewable energy. With the rapid development of the technologies of wave energy converter, the wave energy source will be able to meet parts the demand. The Energy Research Laboratories of the Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan (2005), based on the statistic of one-year wave data, stated that the mean wave energy at the northeast coast of Taiwan reaches 11.56 kW/m, giving it the potential of wave power utilization. However, one of the major obstacles with the wave energy utilization is lack of long-term ocean wave measurements. The long-term variations in wave parameters impose changes in wave energy converter outputs. Lack of long-term data makes it difficult to assess the cost-benefit of wave energy conversion projects for the policy and decision makers. The present study aims to quantitatively evaluate the wave climate variations of the northwestern Pacific and the Taiwan Waters based on long-term wave data base. Wave observations around Taiwan have been performed since 1998, thus, earlier data of wave climate are not available. This study reconstructs the wave data of the northwest Pacific over the past three decades based on the SWAN numerical wave model that driven by NECP global reanalysis wind fields. The simulation results are compared and validated with measured data. The results show that the long-term wave climate variations around Taiwan consist of oscillations of three different periods, i.e. the seasonal, inter-annual and decade oscillations. The seasonal oscillation has significant amplitude that leads the wave energy one order magnitude greater in winter than in summer. In addition to seasonal changes, the wave energy features inter-annual variations, which are highly related to the El Nino and La Nina phenomena. In the La Nina years, the annual averaged wave energy could be double than in El Nino years. Finally, this study adopted the Man-Kendall Non-Parametric Test and the Hilbert Huang EMD method to analyze the long-term wave variation trends. The results showed that the wave height experienced climbing trends during 1976-1985 and 1997-2006, and a descending trend during 1985-1997. The reasons for wave climate oscillations in the decadal variation should be further investigation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Assessment of the intra-annual and inter-annual variability of the wave energy resource in the Bay of Biscay (France)

“…Therefore, resource variability can play an important role in the cost-efficiency balance [30], and it is also a decisive factor for selecting adequate locations from a technical standpoint [31]. An ideal wave energy plant would supply relatively constant power throughout time, but this is precluded by the resource's temporal variations [32]. The considerable uncertainty associated to inter-annual and inter-seasonal variability of the wave power resource is one of the factors that is slowing down the progression of full scale prototypes and pre-commercial devices towards commercial arrays of wave energy converters (WECs) [4,33].…”

“…Nevertheless, some studies have pointed out decadal changes in wave height based on satellite observations and numerical data (e.g. [28,30,32,38]). This study presents an assessment of the wave power resource using a long time series of wave data (58 years) and focusing on the variability of such resource at different time scales (monthly, seasonal and inter-annual).…”

An analysis of high‐resolution modelled wave heights along the South African south coast suggests recent deterioration of sea state

“…Details about the EMD method can be found in Huang et al (1998) and Huang et al (2003). The EMD method has been applied to nonlinear and nonstationary marine time series such as sea surface level (Ezer et al, 2016; Huang et al, 1998), sea level pressure (Wu & Huang, 2009), shallow water turbulent velocity (Schmitt et al, 2009) and nearshore wave energy (Ching‐Piao et al, 2012). To our knowledge, it is yet to be used for research on nearshore wave height.…”

Overview of research on marine resources and economic development

“…Many scholars have accounted for marine renewable energy resources, mainly including ocean current power resources (Yang et al. , 2015; Ching-Piao et al. , 2012), ocean wind energy resources (Zheng and Pan, 2014) and ocean thermal energy resources (Devis -Morales et al.…”