Study on thermal behaviors of a novel cruciform amide-containing phthalonitrile monomer

Abstract

2015): Study on thermal behaviors of a novel cruciform amide-containing phthalonitrile monomer, Designed Monomers and Polymers,A novel cruciform amide-containing phthalonitrile monomer was synthesized from 4-(4′-aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile and 2,2′,5,5′-biphenyl tetraacyl chloride. Linear amide-containing phthalonitrile monomer was also prepared for comparison. Various spectroscopic techniques such as IR and 1 H NMR confirmed the chemical structure of the monomers. X-ray powder diffraction analysis revealed the amorphous character of the cruciform monomer. Thermal behaviors of the monomers was investigated by rheology technique. Aromatic amide moiety played an important role in promoting the cure reaction of the phthalonitrile resins. Cruciform monomer displayed a larger processing window, relative to linear phthalonitrile monomer. The polymers derived from cruciform phthalonitrile monomer showed excellent thermal properties revealed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The IR spectra of the polymers confirmed that triazine formation may dominate the thermal polymerization reaction.

Synthesis and properties of a novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with multi‐functional fluorene‐based benzoxazine monomers

“…This kind of PN monomer can be cured without any catalyst and can effectively avoid the defects caused by small molecules and low heat resistance polymers. [30][31][32][33] Moreover, PN monomers contain arylether moiety and secondary amino groups are reported. 34,35 However, the thermal properties of the arylether moiety and secondary amino groups containing PN thermosets were far lower than the traditional PN thermosets.…”

“…The autocatalytic PN monomer contains both PN units and different kinds of amino or hydroxyl groups. This kind of PN monomer can be cured without any catalyst and can effectively avoid the defects caused by small molecules and low heat resistance polymers 30–33 . Moreover, PN monomers contain arylether moiety and secondary amino groups are reported 34,35 .…”

Synthesis and Properties of A Low Melting Point Phthalonitrile Resin Containing High Density Nitrile Groups

“…Phthalonitrile resin is a kind of thermosetting and high temperature resistant resin material and prepared via bulk addition polymerization by opening the cyano triple bond under heating conditions. Phthalonitriles can be cured by organic amines, inorganic amines, organic acids, amino group, phenolic hydroxyl group, active macromolecules, metal salt, alicyclic compound and so on . The first generation of phthalonitrile monomers was first developed by Keller′s laboratory.…”

A novel phthalonitrile monomer with low post cure temperature and short cure time

“…17 Therefore, another kind of phthalonitrile derivatives which possess auto-catalytic ability and have better processing performances than the organic diamines is developed. 6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] These derivatives can not only accelerate the polymerization of nitrile, but also participate in the crosslinking reactions, shortening the cure time to 14-30 hours. Whereas, the post cure temperatures are still up to 370-420 C, 2,[18][19][20][21][22][23]25 or perhaps a sacricing performance at lower temperature and shorter time.…”

“…6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] These derivatives can not only accelerate the polymerization of nitrile, but also participate in the crosslinking reactions, shortening the cure time to 14-30 hours. Whereas, the post cure temperatures are still up to 370-420 C, 2,[18][19][20][21][22][23]25 or perhaps a sacricing performance at lower temperature and shorter time. 26 That the reported catalysts can't reduce the post cure temperature and time is due mainly to the fact that little nitrile participates in the polymerization.…”