Study The Causative agent of abortion in Babylon city by using TORCH test.

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders that have an abnormal immune response against the owner’s tissues. Another key feature in the pathogenesis of these diseases is an interaction between genetics and environment. Although the emergence of a number of recent genomic technologies has simplified establishing many susceptibility genes and loci that determine an inherited predisposition to autoimmunity, The goal of this review article is to explore the element of complexity that stems from correlation between genetics and immunity when focusing autoimmune diseases. It provides major genetic differences that define immune cell activity, mechanisms related to the regulation of self-tolerance and inflammatory reactions. Also, the review describes epigenetic modifications that could modify gene expression and behavior of immune systems causing disease development or progression. In this chapter, using GWAS as well as other types of genetic studies we address how these recent advances in genetics have improved our understanding of disease mechanisms and enabled the development of novel strategies for personalizing therapeutic interventions. This paper further explores the opportunities such genetic findings present in creating predictive models for disease risk assessment and as a prescription to personalized medicine. The understanding and control of autoimmunity will greatly benefit from unraveling the genetic complexities involved in these conditions.

Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Disorders Unraveled: The Interplay Between Genetics and the Immune System.

Abd Ali,

Mohammed

2024

“…These enzymes often determine the hepatic condition and their management. These hepatocellular enzymes, which seep into the bloodstream due to a liver damage, comprise the liver cells, thus, offering very important pieces of information on the state and the kind of injury (6)(7)(8)(9) .…”

Section: Role Of Hepatic Enzymes In Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Enzymes and Proteins as Prognostic Factors in Liver Disease Management

Al-Shammari,

Abed,

Ali

2024

Therefore, an article reviewing a hepatic enzyme/protein prognosis in liver disease studies is presented. Hepatocytic enzymes such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) being highly contributory indicators demonstrate mild to severe active liver inflammation and damage. Compared to this, it is worth noting that the so-called proteins which are referred to as albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) provide data on liver function and the severity of the disease, mainly in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). The review clarifies the role of these biomarkers in clinical practice attributing them to various indicators such as diagnosis, disease differentiation, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Difficulties, including variability, sensitivity problems, and complexity on the interpretation of results, are pointed out, showing the necessity of enhanced diagnosis tehnologies and personalized medicine strategies. The future of liver disease management concentrates on biomarker identification, better diagnostic equipment, embedding artificial intelligence, personized treatment, and involving authorities. The objective is to improve diagnostic accuracy, guid treatment outcomes, and apply ethics in genetic information. In summary, these pioneering technologies have the potential to make a substantial contribution to the level of liver disease treatment, provided that we address the connected problems, which will consequently result in better patients’ outcomes and quality of care.

“…Some concerns about the possible thyroid-disruptive effects of some phytocompounds, such as soy isoflavones (e.g., genistein and daidzein), have been raised (8) , Many studies have been showed considering the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in b-thalassaemic patients. Surprisingly, the incidence of thyroid dysfunction reported varies widely from low to 60% and the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism ranges from 0% up to almost 20% of patients from different series (9)(10)(11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Thyroid Function: A Review of Biochemical Markers and Testing Strategies

Jasem,

Kadhim,

M. Sharba

2024

The present work provides an in depth look at the biochemical markers and the testing strategies employed in appraising thyroid function. It involves the primary thyroid hormones such as TSH, T3, and T4 that are responsible for thyroid homeostasis and diagnosis of the dysfunction of the thyroid. The assessment also covers and evaluates the different testing methods and approaches to examine thyroid function which include immunoassays and mass spectrometry. The review offers the summary of advantages and disadvantages of different testing methods to increase the knowledge and to facilitate decision making regarding the diagnosis of thyroid function, and to improve the quality of care of thyroid-related conditions.