Study the contamination of Radioactivity levels of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in (water)Iraq and their potential radiological risk to human population

Abstract

In this study, the level of natural radioactivity in the banks of the Euphrates River was evaluated of four sites for the passage of the Euphrates(Al Kufa, Abu Sukhair, Al Mishkhab and Al Qadisiyah), as samples were collected along the Euphrates River within the province of Najaf. The radioactivity of naturally formed radioactive materials of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 series soluble strands in addition to the Potassium -40 radioisotope was determined using the NaI (Tl) sodium iodide reagent system (3"x3"). The values of normal radioactivity were measured in units (Bq.L−1). Where was The concentration ranged from 16.44 to 143.88 (Bq.L−1)for 40K,0.90 to 6.16 (Bq.L−1) for 238U and 1.17 to 5.29 (Bq.L−1) for 232Th. The radium equivalent activity was below the defined limit of 370 (Bq.L−1),the calculated exterior hazard indices had been determined to be much less than (one) from the results. Therefore that can be considered as database of these rivers in the future. Also we calculated that the average committed effective dose by ingestion of water for a typical adult was found to be 0.269 mSv.y−1 note that the average internal dose of 290 μSv.y−1 measured by the Scientific Committee of the United Nations on the Effects of Radiation for food and water consumption .finally we found out Excess lifetime cancer risk is 0.672*10−3 which is significantly less than the ICRP cancer risk of 2.5 × 10−3 which mean that the samples are safe healthy.

Estimation of radiological impact of the activities of Olusosun Dump Site on workers and dwellers of Olusosun, in Lagos Southwest Nigeria

“…The level AED from ingestion of water has been shown to vary by countries. Different studies in the same countries; Nigeria [ 30 , 31 ], Ghana [ 12 , 32 ] and Iraq [ 33–35 ] also had varying results. The result from the current study is higher than the results reported from Ghana (13:32), Nigeria [ 30 ], Egypt [ 36 ], Saudi Arabia [ 37 ], Malaysia [ 38 ] and Iraq [ 35 ] but lower than the results from Brazil [ 39 ], Nigeria [ 31 ] and Iraq [ 33 , 34 ].…”

“…Different studies in the same countries; Nigeria [ 30 , 31 ], Ghana [ 12 , 32 ] and Iraq [ 33–35 ] also had varying results. The result from the current study is higher than the results reported from Ghana (13:32), Nigeria [ 30 ], Egypt [ 36 ], Saudi Arabia [ 37 ], Malaysia [ 38 ] and Iraq [ 35 ] but lower than the results from Brazil [ 39 ], Nigeria [ 31 ] and Iraq [ 33 , 34 ]. Although the AED from the ingestion of water (AED w ) from this study is above the guidance level of WHO, it is within the range of values reported in literature.…”

Heat Production Rate and Radiation Hazard Indices from Radioactive Elements in Different Types of Natural Water in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.

“…Al-Khashab et al 16 measured the pH, TDS, and EC and discovered that they were 7.7-8.7, 226-302 mg/L, and 330-405 μs/cm, respectively, and that all the values are within the recommended ranges. Salman et al 17 were able to carry out a comprehensive radioactivity of 232 Th, 238 U, and 40 k. The NaI(Tl) detector was used to ascertain this. The researchers found that the lifetime risk of cancer was much lower than what the ICRP had determined, which means the samples are safe and healthy.…”

Estimation of Radionuclides Elements for Natural Water Resources in Nineveh Province, Iraq Using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy

“…The results show that the values of concentration of these elements were less than the global limit. Salman and his group [15] were able to carry out comprehensive radioactivity levels of 232 Th, 238 U, and 40 k. The NaI (Tl) detector was used to ascertain this. The researchers found that the lifetime risk of cancer was much lower than what the ICRP had determined, which means that the samples are safe and healthy.…”