This work studies the activity concentration of natural radioactivity in 20 different types of rice, including imported rice and that produced locally. The rice samples were collected from markets and farms in Iraq, and then a natural radioactivity investigation was done in the environmental laboratory of the Kufa University, using gamma-ray spectrometer systems. The research focused on measuring the activity concentration of natural radioactivity (U, Th, andK) to determine the level of the radium equivalent activity, internal hazard indices, and annual effective dose. The results show that all these parameters are within the permissible limits and that radioactivity is present in almost all foodstuffs at levels ranging from 40 to 600 Bq/kg of food. Radioactivity in foodstuffs is attributed to a natural source, potassium-40, and to artificial sources, which include industrial radioactivity, weapons testing, and accidents involving radioactivity. In this article, radionuclides have been identified for most of the common species of rice available in Iraqi markets; in addition, radium equivalent activity, internal hazard indices, and annual effective dose were calculated and compared with the permissible dose to estimate the risk of radioactive isotopes in the rice crop.

In this study, the level of natural radioactivity in the banks of the Euphrates River was evaluated of four sites for the passage of the Euphrates(Al Kufa, Abu Sukhair, Al Mishkhab and Al Qadisiyah), as samples were collected along the Euphrates River within the province of Najaf. The radioactivity of naturally formed radioactive materials of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 series soluble strands in addition to the Potassium -40 radioisotope was determined using the NaI (Tl) sodium iodide reagent system (3"x3"). The values of normal radioactivity were measured in units (Bq.L−1). Where was The concentration ranged from 16.44 to 143.88 (Bq.L−1)for 40K,0.90 to 6.16 (Bq.L−1) for 238U and 1.17 to 5.29 (Bq.L−1) for 232Th. The radium equivalent activity was below the defined limit of 370 (Bq.L−1),the calculated exterior hazard indices had been determined to be much less than (one) from the results. Therefore that can be considered as database of these rivers in the future. Also we calculated that the average committed effective dose by ingestion of water for a typical adult was found to be 0.269 mSv.y−1 note that the average internal dose of 290 μSv.y−1 measured by the Scientific Committee of the United Nations on the Effects of Radiation for food and water consumption .finally we found out Excess lifetime cancer risk is 0.672*10−3 which is significantly less than the ICRP cancer risk of 2.5 × 10−3 which mean that the samples are safe healthy.

In this work, new organic donor-π-acceptor molecules based on thienopyrazine is designed and reported. Diverse side based electron groups were presented to evaluate their impacts on the electronic and photovoltaic properties. The calculations of ground state were done by employing the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and the TD-DFT method for the excitation properties of the produced molecules. The results indicated that the “HOMO” and “LUMO” level are slightly changed and this suggests that there are different structures, playing important roles in improving the electronic and photovoltaic properties and in improving the electron accepting ability. The attained values of band gap together with the open circuit voltage are parameters that can be manipulated to improve the quality of solar cell applications. Moreover, the results showed that these molecules can be used for a solar cell as organic sensitizers due to probability of the electron injection process from the molecules to the conduction band of PC60BM, PC70BM or TiO2, in addition to the help of the compounds in designing more effective functional photovoltaic organic materials.

pasta (Macaroni) is a dry, hollow pastry, made from cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, etc. It is a diet rich in carbohydrates for different age groups. In this research study examines the emergence one of the long-lived gamma radiation emitters in the various types of pasta available in the Iraqi market. We found concentration of (238U), (232Th) and (40K) In units (Becquerel / kg) measured in (20) Various types for pasta that could be obtained in the Iraqi market.( Radium equivalent ), (internal hazard index), and (absorbed dose rate) were also calculated for all studied samples. radiometric measurements by using the gamma spectrometry NaI(Tl) detector. The specific activity in Macaroni samples were wide-ranging from (0.232±0.195) Becquerel / kg to (22.869±2.005) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (6.081) Becquerel / kg for238U, For 232Th From (0.018±0.36) Becquerel / kg to (114.269±1.40) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (21.672) Becquerel / kg and for 40K from (58.724±2.28) Bq/kg to (1145.99±10.57) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (663.092) Becquerel / kg. Also, Where we found that the internal risk index as well as the radium equivalent in the samples (pasta) ranged from (0.0135) to (0.8031) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (0.2672) Becquerel / kg and for the equivalent radium, the values were from (4.780) Becquerel / kg to (274,515) Becquerel / kg, and at a rate (177.262) Becquerel / kg. This study showed that, risk indicators calculated in this study are safe and do not constitute any health threat to humans.

In present search, we report theoretical analysis by using DFT (TD-DFT)-B3LYP with 6-31G (d, p) level on the geometries, optoelectronic and absorption characteristics of novel a series of the donor-π-acceptor dyes. Their π-conjugated bridge is based on the thiophene, benzene, pyridine, and pyrazine, the thieno [2,3-b] indole was used as an electron donor (D) and the acid 2-cyanoacrylic was used as an electron acceptor (A) group. The theoretical information of the electronic structures such as energy levels (HOMO and LUMO) and energy gap of the molecules is based on study the dyes in organic solar cells. Consequently the energy levels, energy gap, photovoltaic properties, quantum chemical and absorption parameters of all the dyes have been computed and reported. The calculations show that the dyes under study can theoretically be good photosensitizers in DSSCs. Also, the results show that the LUMO levels of all dyes design lie over the conduction band (Ecb) of the semiconductors TiO2 (or PC70BM) likewise the HOMO levels lie under the decrease potential vitality of the (electrolytes) comparing to ability of electron transfer from the molecular dye excited state to TiO2 (or PC70BM) and chargeerenewal after photo-oxidation process, separately.