Study the Impact of Glucose-6-phosphatase Activity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Non Diabetic Counterparts<em></em>

Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), an enzyme found mostly in the kidneys and the liver, acting significant role of supplying glucose through starvation. This study includes (84) subjects, their age ranged from (40 to 54) years. (20) subjects were healthy chosen as control group and (64) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according to their type of anti diabetic therapy : (23) newly diagnosed group without therapy (Group1), (20) with metformin therapy (Group2) and (21) with metformin plus glibenclamide therapies( Group3). The study found that G-6-Pase activity is increased, thereby leading to an increase in endogenous glucose production (EGP) in patients with type 2 diabetes and, therefore FPG will increase. The result found that increasing G-6-Pase activity will increase the concentration of glucose in the blood and that will increase the long-term glycemic control (HbA1c%).

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal Statues in Hypertension Patients

“…NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. Albumin represents the most abundant protein in the circulatory system with a significant antioxidant activity [14] ,the antioxidant activity of albumin result from its ability to bind bilirubin, homocysteine and lipids [15] The results of the present study showed that the levels of albumin was significantly decrease (p<0.01) in diagnosed hypertension patients which is agree with (Oda E) in hypertension . [15]…”

“…This result was agreed with (Caroline J. Smith et al) [20]who found a significant difference in iNOS levels in hypertensive patients. Albumin contains a free sulfhydryl group, this forms a disulfide with several compounds like cysteine, homocysteine, or glutathione, Albumin is able to scavenge hydroxyl radicals [21], the decrease in albumin in patient is agreed with results of (Oda E. et al2012)in Hypertension [15] who suggested that result is may be due to its function as antioxidant activity so the non-oxidized albumin is decrease in addition to negative acute phase protein, so inflammation is considered the principle cause of a decrease in the serum albumin [21]. The weak negative correlation between 4HNE and albumin in hypertension patient and control group agreed with (Giancarlo Aldini.et al2006) who found a negative correlation between 4HNE and…”

<em>Ginkgo Biloba</em> for Reducing Hyperlipideamia: Case Study

“…[3] Flavonoid glycosides with proanthaiocyanidines in GBE had cancer prevention agent bolster the body,s cell reinforcement protection framework fighting free radicals. In continuation of previous studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], herein we are reporting investigation started from the Ginkgo biloba as the active material for reducing level of lipid profile in human.…”

Hepatic Glucose Output Inhibition by Mexican Plants Used in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

“…Gluconeogenesis can be regulated depending on the energy demand of the organism by activation or inhibition of the rate-limiting enzymes at different levels, such as substrate delivery, mass action regulation, allosteric activation, covalent modification, and alteration of gene expression. Among these enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) can control hyperglycemia because it determines the production of glucose released from gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (HGO) (Jawad et al, 2016). This enzyme is a multifunctional system attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) formed by three specific translocases (T1, T2, and T3) whose functions are: T1, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) influx transport into the ER; T2, phosphate efflux transport; and T3, free glucose efflux transport; and a phosphatase subunit, in accordance with the widely accepted "substrate-transport" model (van Schaftingen and Gerin, 2002).…”