Study the structural and magnetic properties of rare-earth ions (La and Gd) doped Ba_0.9575Ca_0.0025Ti_0.80685Mn_0.002475Nb_0.002475Zr_0.1782O₃ (BCTMNZ) ceramics

Abstract

O 3 (BCTMNZ) ceramics were fabricated by using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The doping effects of La and Gd on the structural and magnetic properties were studied. The structural pattern of the ceramic samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and the results indicated that both samples shows an orthorhombic structure with pure phase. Strain and crystalline size values for Gd and La doped were 0.31-0.33% and 0:154-0:181 m, respectively. The room temperature hysteresis loops were obtained by using a vibrating sample magnetometer. La doped ceramic showed the higher value of magnetization i.e., 0:369 B/f.u. as compared to Gd doped BLTMNZ ceramics.

Synthesis of Sm3+ and Gd3+ Ions Embedded in Nano-Structure Barium Titanate Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique: Terahertz, Dielectric and Up-Conversion Study

“…Such shift may be explained by the incorporation of Sm 3+ and Gd 3+ ions into the nanostructure BTiO 3 , which directly affected the volume of the unit cell and hence varied the d-spacing, which in turn is responsible for shift to high Bragg angles. 39 The position of reflections of NBT1Sm and NBT1Gd is completely identical which could be accounted by the nearly atomic radii of Sm and Gd. Figure 1b presents the enlargement of area under rectangular magenta, displayed a distinct splitting of (200)/(002) peaks at around 45°and 45.7°asserting the enhancement of tetragonal distortion phase, which is a good indication with many previous works.…”